feat: quiz and rbac

.env.example

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ COOKIE_SECURE=false
 
 # Frontend (CORS + email link base)
 FRONTEND_URL=http://localhost:3000
+# Admin panel origin (CORS). Defaults to http://localhost:3001 when APP_ENV=development.
+ADMIN_URL=
 
 GOOGLE_OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=
 GOOGLE_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=

internal/handler/admin.go

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/service"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/pkg/response"
@@ -15,9 +17,15 @@ import (
 
 // AdminHandler serves /api/v1/admin/* — gated by RequireAuth + RequireAdmin in
 // the router, so every method here can assume an admin caller.
-type AdminHandler struct{ svc *service.AdminService }
+type AdminHandler struct {
+	svc *service.AdminService
+	// staff guards actions that would otherwise reach other staff members.
+	staff *repository.StaffRepo
+}
 
-func NewAdminHandler(svc *service.AdminService) *AdminHandler { return &AdminHandler{svc: svc} }
+func NewAdminHandler(svc *service.AdminService, staff *repository.StaffRepo) *AdminHandler {
+	return &AdminHandler{svc: svc, staff: staff}
+}
 
 // pageParams pulls (q, limit, offset) from the query string with sane defaults.
 func pageParams(r *http.Request) (q string, limit, offset int) {
@@ -316,7 +324,22 @@ func (h *AdminHandler) UnbanUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 }
 
 func (h *AdminHandler) setUserBanned(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, banned bool) {
-	ok, err := h.svc.SetUserBanned(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), banned)
+	target := chi.URLParam(r, "id")
+	// A banned account loses panel access, so banning a staff member is a way
+	// to remove them — which only superadmins may do. Without this, an Admin
+	// holding users:ban could ban a Superadmin out of the panel.
+	if _, err := h.staff.Access(r.Context(), target); err == nil {
+		if s := middleware.Staff(r.Context()); s == nil || !s.Perms.Has(rbac.ManageStaff) {
+			response.Error(w, http.StatusForbidden,
+				"staff accounts are managed from the Staff page by a superadmin")
+			return
+		}
+		if target == middleware.UserID(r.Context()) {
+			response.Error(w, http.StatusConflict, "you can't ban yourself")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	ok, err := h.svc.SetUserBanned(r.Context(), target, banned)
 	if err != nil {
 		response.Error(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "could not update account")
 		return

internal/handler/quiz.go

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/service"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/pkg/response"
+)
+
+// QuizHandler serves quiz authoring (admin) and quiz taking (users).
+type QuizHandler struct {
+	svc *service.QuizService
+}
+
+func NewQuizHandler(svc *service.QuizService) *QuizHandler { return &QuizHandler{svc: svc} }
+
+func writeQuizError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotFound), errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizUnpublished):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusNotFound, "quiz not found")
+	case errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotStarted), errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotFinished):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusConflict, err.Error())
+	case errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotCurrent), errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizAlreadyAnswer),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizLocked):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusConflict, err.Error())
+	case errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizBadOption), errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizChoiceCount),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizNoCorrect),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizTitle), errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizNoQuestions),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizTooMany), errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizPrompt),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizOptionCount), errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizOptionBody),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizOneCorrect), errors.Is(err, service.ErrQuizTarget):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
+	default:
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "quiz request failed")
+	}
+}
+
+// ── Admin ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type quizOptionReq struct {
+	Body      string `json:"body"`
+	IsCorrect bool   `json:"is_correct"`
+}
+
+type quizQuestionReq struct {
+	Prompt      string          `json:"prompt"`
+	Explanation string          `json:"explanation"`
+	Multi       bool            `json:"multi"`
+	Options     []quizOptionReq `json:"options"`
+}
+
+type quizReq struct {
+	Title       string            `json:"title"`
+	Description string            `json:"description"`
+	TargetURL   string            `json:"target_url"`
+	TargetTitle string            `json:"target_title"`
+	Questions   []quizQuestionReq `json:"questions"`
+}
+
+func (q quizReq) draft() service.QuizDraft {
+	d := service.QuizDraft{
+		Title: q.Title, Description: q.Description,
+		TargetURL: q.TargetURL, TargetTitle: q.TargetTitle,
+	}
+	for _, qq := range q.Questions {
+		in := repository.QuestionInput{Prompt: qq.Prompt, Explanation: qq.Explanation, Multi: qq.Multi}
+		for _, o := range qq.Options {
+			in.Options = append(in.Options, repository.OptionInput{Body: o.Body, IsCorrect: o.IsCorrect})
+		}
+		d.Questions = append(d.Questions, in)
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) AdminList(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	list, err := h.svc.ListAdmin(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, list)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) AdminGet(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	q, err := h.svc.GetAdmin(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, q)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Create(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req quizReq
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid JSON body")
+		return
+	}
+	q, err := h.svc.Create(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), req.draft())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusCreated, q)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Update(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req quizReq
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid JSON body")
+		return
+	}
+	q, err := h.svc.Update(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), req.draft())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, q)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) setPublished(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, on bool) {
+	q, err := h.svc.SetPublished(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), on)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, q)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Publish(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)   { h.setPublished(w, r, true) }
+func (h *QuizHandler) Unpublish(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { h.setPublished(w, r, false) }
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Delete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if err := h.svc.Delete(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id")); err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(w)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Participants(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	list, err := h.svc.Participants(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, list)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Responses(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	stats, err := h.svc.Responses(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, stats)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) ParticipantResult(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	res, err := h.svc.ParticipantResult(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), chi.URLParam(r, "userID"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, res)
+}
+
+// ── Users ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// ForPath — GET /quizzes/for?path=… Optional auth: signed-out readers still
+// see that a quiz exists; signed-in ones also get their progress. Returns
+// null when the page has no quiz.
+func (h *QuizHandler) ForPath(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	card, err := h.svc.ForPath(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), r.URL.Query().Get("path"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, card)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) List(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	list, err := h.svc.ListPublished(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, list)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	card, err := h.svc.Card(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, card)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Start(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	play, err := h.svc.Start(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, play)
+}
+
+func (h *QuizHandler) Answer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req struct {
+		QuestionID string   `json:"question_id"`
+		OptionIDs  []string `json:"option_ids"`
+		// Single-option form, still accepted from older clients.
+		OptionID string `json:"option_id"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || req.QuestionID == "" {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "question_id and option_ids are required")
+		return
+	}
+	if len(req.OptionIDs) == 0 && req.OptionID != "" {
+		req.OptionIDs = []string{req.OptionID}
+	}
+	if len(req.OptionIDs) == 0 {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "question_id and option_ids are required")
+		return
+	}
+	play, err := h.svc.Answer(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()),
+		chi.URLParam(r, "id"), req.QuestionID, req.OptionIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, play)
+}
+
+// Result — GET /quizzes/{id}/result. The caller's own; the user id is taken
+// from the session, so there is no way to ask for anyone else's.
+func (h *QuizHandler) Result(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	res, err := h.svc.Result(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeQuizError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, res)
+}

internal/handler/staff.go

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package handler
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/service"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/pkg/response"
+)
+
+// StaffHandler serves /admin/me and the superadmin-only staff and role screens.
+type StaffHandler struct {
+	svc *service.StaffService
+}
+
+func NewStaffHandler(svc *service.StaffService) *StaffHandler { return &StaffHandler{svc: svc} }
+
+func writeStaffError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, repository.ErrNotStaff), errors.Is(err, repository.ErrRoleNotFound),
+		errors.Is(err, repository.ErrUserGone):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusNotFound, err.Error())
+	case errors.Is(err, service.ErrStaffSelf), errors.Is(err, service.ErrLastSuperadmin),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrRoleSystem), errors.Is(err, repository.ErrRoleInUse),
+		errors.Is(err, repository.ErrRoleKeyTaken):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusConflict, err.Error())
+	case errors.Is(err, service.ErrRoleBadPermission), errors.Is(err, service.ErrRoleName),
+		errors.Is(err, service.ErrRoleNoPermissions):
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err.Error())
+	default:
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "staff request failed")
+	}
+}
+
+// Me — GET /admin/me. The caller's role and effective permissions, which the
+// panel uses to hide what they can't do. Hiding is a courtesy: every route
+// enforces its own permission regardless.
+func (h *StaffHandler) Me(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	s := middleware.Staff(r.Context())
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, service.Me{
+		RoleKey: s.RoleKey, RoleName: s.RoleName, Permissions: s.Perms.List(),
+	})
+}
+
+// Catalog — GET /admin/permissions. What a custom role may be built from.
+func (h *StaffHandler) Catalog(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, rbac.Catalog)
+}
+
+func (h *StaffHandler) List(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	list, err := h.svc.List(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, list)
+}
+
+type grantReq struct {
+	Handle string `json:"handle"`
+	RoleID string `json:"role_id"`
+}
+
+// Grant — POST /admin/staff
+func (h *StaffHandler) Grant(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req grantReq
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || req.Handle == "" || req.RoleID == "" {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "handle and role_id are required")
+		return
+	}
+	m, err := h.svc.Grant(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), req.Handle, req.RoleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, m)
+}
+
+// ChangeRole — PATCH /admin/staff/{id}
+func (h *StaffHandler) ChangeRole(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req struct {
+		RoleID string `json:"role_id"`
+	}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil || req.RoleID == "" {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "role_id is required")
+		return
+	}
+	m, err := h.svc.ChangeRole(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), req.RoleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, m)
+}
+
+// Revoke — DELETE /admin/staff/{id}
+func (h *StaffHandler) Revoke(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if err := h.svc.Revoke(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), chi.URLParam(r, "id")); err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(w)
+}
+
+func (h *StaffHandler) setBlocked(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, blocked bool) {
+	m, err := h.svc.SetBlocked(r.Context(), middleware.UserID(r.Context()), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), blocked)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, m)
+}
+
+// Block — POST /admin/staff/{id}/block ; Unblock — DELETE the same.
+func (h *StaffHandler) Block(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)   { h.setBlocked(w, r, true) }
+func (h *StaffHandler) Unblock(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { h.setBlocked(w, r, false) }
+
+func (h *StaffHandler) Roles(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	roles, err := h.svc.Roles(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, roles)
+}
+
+type adminRoleReq struct {
+	Name        string   `json:"name"`
+	Description string   `json:"description"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+func (h *StaffHandler) CreateRole(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req adminRoleReq
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid JSON body")
+		return
+	}
+	ro, err := h.svc.CreateRole(r.Context(), req.Name, req.Description, req.Permissions)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusCreated, ro)
+}
+
+func (h *StaffHandler) UpdateRole(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var req adminRoleReq
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		response.Error(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid JSON body")
+		return
+	}
+	ro, err := h.svc.UpdateRole(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id"), req.Name, req.Description, req.Permissions)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.JSON(w, http.StatusOK, ro)
+}
+
+func (h *StaffHandler) DeleteRole(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if err := h.svc.DeleteRole(r.Context(), chi.URLParam(r, "id")); err != nil {
+		writeStaffError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(w)
+}

internal/middleware/admin.go

@@ -1,17 +1,38 @@
 package middleware
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/pkg/response"
 )
 
-// RequireAdmin gates a route to users whose role is "admin". It MUST run after
-// RequireAuth (it reads the authenticated user id from context, then looks up
-// the row to check the role). Non-admins get 403; this keeps the whole
-// /api/v1/admin/* surface invisible to ordinary accounts.
-func RequireAdmin(users *repository.UserRepo) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+type staffCtxKey struct{}
+
+// StaffContext is the caller's resolved admin access, set by RequireStaff.
+type StaffContext struct {
+	RoleKey  string
+	RoleName string
+	Perms    rbac.Set
+}
+
+// Staff returns the caller's staff context, or nil outside RequireStaff.
+func Staff(ctx context.Context) *StaffContext {
+	s, _ := ctx.Value(staffCtxKey{}).(*StaffContext)
+	return s
+}
+
+// RequireStaff admits accounts that hold an admin role and aren't blocked from
+// the panel. It MUST run after RequireAuth.
+//
+// It resolves the role's permissions once per request and puts them in
+// context, so the RequirePermission checks on each route are map lookups
+// rather than further queries. Being staff gets you through the door only;
+// every route then names the permission it needs.
+func RequireStaff(staff *repository.StaffRepo) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			uid := UserID(r.Context())
@@ -19,13 +40,37 @@ func RequireAdmin(users *repository.UserRepo) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 				response.Error(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "not authenticated")
 				return
 			}
-			u, err := users.FindByID(r.Context(), uid)
+			access, err := staff.Access(r.Context(), uid)
+			if errors.Is(err, repository.ErrNotStaff) {
+				response.Error(w, http.StatusForbidden, "admin access required")
+				return
+			}
 			if err != nil {
 				response.Error(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "auth check failed")
 				return
 			}
-			if u.Role != "admin" {
-				response.Error(w, http.StatusForbidden, "admin access required")
+			if access.Blocked {
+				response.Error(w, http.StatusForbidden, "your admin access has been suspended")
+				return
+			}
+			ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), staffCtxKey{}, &StaffContext{
+				RoleKey:  access.RoleKey,
+				RoleName: access.RoleName,
+				Perms:    rbac.NewSet(access.Permissions),
+			})
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// RequirePermission gates a route to staff holding perm. Must run inside
+// RequireStaff; outside it there is no staff context and everything is refused.
+func RequirePermission(perm string) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			s := Staff(r.Context())
+			if s == nil || !s.Perms.Has(perm) {
+				response.Error(w, http.StatusForbidden, "you don't have permission to do that")
 				return
 			}
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)

internal/middleware/admin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
+)
+
+func withStaff(perms ...string) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(context.Background(), staffCtxKey{}, &StaffContext{
+		RoleKey: "x", Perms: rbac.NewSet(perms),
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRequirePermission(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent) })
+	gate := RequirePermission("users:ban")(ok)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		ctx  context.Context
+		want int
+	}{
+		{"moderator without the permission", withStaff("reports:read", "users:read"), http.StatusForbidden},
+		{"admin with it", withStaff("users:ban"), http.StatusNoContent},
+		{"superadmin wildcard", withStaff(rbac.Wildcard), http.StatusNoContent},
+		// Outside RequireStaff there's no staff context at all: refuse.
+		{"no staff context", context.Background(), http.StatusForbidden},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		gate.ServeHTTP(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", nil).WithContext(c.ctx))
+		if rec.Code != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: status %d, want %d", c.name, rec.Code, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Staff management is never reachable through a catalog permission.
+	if withStaffSet("users:ban", "quizzes:write").Has(rbac.ManageStaff) {
+		t.Error("a non-wildcard set holds admins:manage")
+	}
+}
+
+func withStaffSet(perms ...string) rbac.Set { return rbac.NewSet(perms) }

internal/model/admin.go

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ type AdminUser struct {
 	Plan            string     `json:"plan"`
 	EmailVerifiedAt *time.Time `json:"email_verified_at"`
 	BannedAt        *time.Time `json:"banned_at"`
-	PostCount       int        `json:"post_count"`
-	CreatedAt       time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
+	// AdminRole is the staff role key, nil for ordinary accounts.
+	AdminRole *string   `json:"admin_role,omitempty"`
+	PostCount int       `json:"post_count"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
 
 	// Connected auth methods. HasPassword means email+password login is set up;
 	// Providers lists linked OAuth providers (e.g. "google", "facebook").
@@ -56,18 +58,18 @@ type AdminDisciple struct {
 
 // AdminPost is a row in the admin posts table.
 type AdminPost struct {
-	ID            string    `json:"id"`
-	UserID        string    `json:"user_id"`
-	Caption       string    `json:"caption"`
-	SourceTitle   string    `json:"source_title"`
+	ID            string     `json:"id"`
+	UserID        string     `json:"user_id"`
+	Caption       string     `json:"caption"`
+	SourceTitle   string     `json:"source_title"`
 	SourceURL     string     `json:"source_url"`
 	IsHidden      bool       `json:"is_hidden"`
 	DeletedAt     *time.Time `json:"deleted_at"`
 	CreatedAt     time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
-	AuthorName    string    `json:"author_name"`
-	AuthorHandle  string    `json:"author_handle"`
-	LikesCount    int       `json:"likes_count"`
-	CommentsCount int       `json:"comments_count"`
+	AuthorName    string     `json:"author_name"`
+	AuthorHandle  string     `json:"author_handle"`
+	LikesCount    int        `json:"likes_count"`
+	CommentsCount int        `json:"comments_count"`
 }
 
 // AdminCollection is a row in the admin collections table.
@@ -85,18 +87,18 @@ type AdminCollection struct {
 
 // AdminFeedback is a row in the admin feedback table (includes the reply).
 type AdminFeedback struct {
-	ID           string     `json:"id"`
-	Category     string     `json:"category"`
-	Message      string     `json:"message"`
+	ID             string     `json:"id"`
+	Category       string     `json:"category"`
+	Message        string     `json:"message"`
 	ContactEmail   *string    `json:"contact_email"`
 	CreatedAt      time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
 	AcknowledgedAt *time.Time `json:"acknowledged_at"`
 	ResolvedAt     *time.Time `json:"resolved_at"`
 	RepliedAt      *time.Time `json:"replied_at"`
-	ReplyMessage *string    `json:"reply_message"`
-	AuthorHandle *string    `json:"author_handle"`
-	AuthorName   *string    `json:"author_name"`
-	AuthorEmail  *string    `json:"author_email"`
+	ReplyMessage   *string    `json:"reply_message"`
+	AuthorHandle   *string    `json:"author_handle"`
+	AuthorName     *string    `json:"author_name"`
+	AuthorEmail    *string    `json:"author_email"`
 }
 
 // AdminReport is a unified projection over the three report tables

internal/model/quiz.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package model
+
+import "time"
+
+// Quiz target kinds.
+const (
+	QuizChapter      = "chapter"
+	QuizLecture      = "lecture"
+	QuizConversation = "conversation"
+	QuizStandalone   = "standalone"
+)
+
+// Attempt states, as seen by the person taking the quiz.
+const (
+	QuizNotStarted = "not_started"
+	QuizInProgress = "in_progress"
+	QuizCompleted  = "completed"
+)
+
+// Quiz is a set of multiple-choice questions, optionally tied to a page.
+type Quiz struct {
+	ID          string     `json:"id"`
+	Title       string     `json:"title"`
+	Description string     `json:"description"`
+	TargetKind  string     `json:"target_kind"`
+	TargetPath  *string    `json:"target_path,omitempty"`
+	TargetTitle string     `json:"target_title"`
+	PublishedAt *time.Time `json:"published_at,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt   time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt   time.Time  `json:"updated_at"`
+
+	QuestionCount int `json:"question_count"`
+	// Admin-only counters.
+	AttemptCount   int `json:"attempt_count,omitempty"`
+	CompletedCount int `json:"completed_count,omitempty"`
+
+	Questions []QuizQuestion `json:"questions,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// QuizQuestion is one question. Prompt and option bodies carry the same
+// formatting markers as the rest of the admin text.
+type QuizQuestion struct {
+	ID          string `json:"id"`
+	Ord         int    `json:"ord"`
+	Prompt      string `json:"prompt"`
+	Explanation string `json:"explanation,omitempty"`
+	// Multi questions ask for every correct option ("select all that apply").
+	Multi   bool         `json:"multi"`
+	Options []QuizOption `json:"options"`
+}
+
+// QuizOption is one choice. IsCorrect is nil whenever the reader must not
+// know it yet — every response to someone mid-attempt.
+type QuizOption struct {
+	ID        string `json:"id"`
+	Ord       int    `json:"ord"`
+	Body      string `json:"body"`
+	IsCorrect *bool  `json:"is_correct,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// QuizStatus is the caller's progress on a quiz.
+type QuizStatus struct {
+	State    string `json:"state"`
+	Answered int    `json:"answered"`
+	Total    int    `json:"total"`
+	Score    *int   `json:"score,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// QuizCard is a quiz plus the caller's progress, for buttons and lists.
+type QuizCard struct {
+	Quiz
+	My QuizStatus `json:"my"`
+}
+
+// QuizPlay is the next step of an attempt: the current question, or Done.
+type QuizPlay struct {
+	QuizID   string        `json:"quiz_id"`
+	Title    string        `json:"title"`
+	Answered int           `json:"answered"`
+	Total    int           `json:"total"`
+	Done     bool          `json:"done"`
+	Question *QuizQuestion `json:"question,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// QuizResultItem is one question on a results screen.
+type QuizResultItem struct {
+	QuizQuestion
+	ChosenOptionIDs []string `json:"chosen_option_ids"`
+	IsCorrect       bool     `json:"is_correct"`
+	ResponseMs      *int     `json:"response_ms,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// QuizResult is a finished attempt.
+type QuizResult struct {
+	Quiz        Quiz             `json:"quiz"`
+	Score       int              `json:"score"`
+	Total       int              `json:"total"`
+	StartedAt   time.Time        `json:"started_at"`
+	CompletedAt *time.Time       `json:"completed_at,omitempty"`
+	TotalMs     int              `json:"total_ms"`
+	Items       []QuizResultItem `json:"items"`
+}
+
+// QuizParticipant is one person's attempt, for the admin participants list.
+type QuizParticipant struct {
+	UserID      string     `json:"user_id"`
+	Handle      string     `json:"handle"`
+	Name        string     `json:"name"`
+	AvatarURL   *string    `json:"avatar_url,omitempty"`
+	StartedAt   time.Time  `json:"started_at"`
+	CompletedAt *time.Time `json:"completed_at,omitempty"`
+	Answered    int        `json:"answered"`
+	Score       int        `json:"score"`
+	Total       int        `json:"total"`
+	TotalMs     int        `json:"total_ms"`
+}
+
+// QuizOptionStat is how often one option was chosen.
+type QuizOptionStat struct {
+	QuizOption
+	Picks int `json:"picks"`
+}
+
+// QuizQuestionStat aggregates every response to one question.
+type QuizQuestionStat struct {
+	ID       string           `json:"id"`
+	Ord      int              `json:"ord"`
+	Prompt   string           `json:"prompt"`
+	Multi    bool             `json:"multi"`
+	Answered int              `json:"answered"`
+	Correct  int              `json:"correct"`
+	AvgMs    int              `json:"avg_ms"`
+	MedianMs int              `json:"median_ms"`
+	Options  []QuizOptionStat `json:"options"`
+}

internal/model/staff.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package model
+
+import "time"
+
+// AdminRole is a named set of admin-panel permissions.
+type AdminRole struct {
+	ID          string   `json:"id"`
+	Key         string   `json:"key"`
+	Name        string   `json:"name"`
+	Description string   `json:"description"`
+	IsSystem    bool     `json:"is_system"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
+	// MemberCount is how many staff hold the role, for the roles screen.
+	MemberCount int       `json:"member_count"`
+	CreatedAt   time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+// StaffMember is one account with admin-panel access.
+type StaffMember struct {
+	UserID    string     `json:"user_id"`
+	Handle    string     `json:"handle"`
+	Name      string     `json:"name"`
+	Email     *string    `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	AvatarURL *string    `json:"avatar_url,omitempty"`
+	RoleID    string     `json:"role_id"`
+	RoleKey   string     `json:"role_key"`
+	RoleName  string     `json:"role_name"`
+	BlockedAt *time.Time `json:"blocked_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// StaffAccess is what the admin middleware needs about the caller.
+type StaffAccess struct {
+	RoleKey     string
+	RoleName    string
+	Permissions []string
+	Blocked     bool
+}

internal/rbac/rbac.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Package rbac is the admin panel's permission catalog.
+//
+// Permissions are "resource:action" strings. The catalog lives in code, not in
+// the database, so a permission can't exist without a route enforcing it, and
+// adding one is a reviewed change. Roles (in admin_roles) are just named sets
+// of these strings.
+package rbac
+
+import "slices"
+
+// Wildcard grants everything. Only the seeded superadmin role carries it.
+const Wildcard = "*"
+
+// ManageStaff is held by superadmins alone: granting, changing, revoking and
+// blocking other staff. It is deliberately absent from Catalog, so no custom
+// role can ever be given it.
+const ManageStaff = "admins:manage"
+
+// Permission is one grantable capability.
+type Permission struct {
+	Key   string `json:"key"`
+	Group string `json:"group"`
+	Label string `json:"label"`
+}
+
+// Catalog is every permission a custom role may hold, grouped for the editor.
+var Catalog = []Permission{
+	{"stats:read", "Overview", "View dashboard stats"},
+
+	{"users:read", "Users", "View users"},
+	{"users:notify", "Users", "Send users a message"},
+	{"users:ban", "Users", "Ban and unban users"},
+	{"users:limits", "Users", "Change bookmark and collection limits"},
+	{"disciples:manage", "Users", "Link and unlink direct disciples"},
+
+	{"posts:moderate", "Moderation", "Hide, delete and restore posts"},
+	{"comments:moderate", "Moderation", "Delete and restore comments"},
+	{"collections:read", "Moderation", "View collections"},
+	{"reports:read", "Moderation", "View reports"},
+	{"reports:resolve", "Moderation", "Resolve reports"},
+
+	{"feedback:read", "Feedback", "View feedback"},
+	{"feedback:reply", "Feedback", "Reply to feedback"},
+	{"feedback:resolve", "Feedback", "Acknowledge and resolve feedback"},
+
+	{"vani:read", "Vāṇī of the Day", "View the schedule"},
+	{"vani:write", "Vāṇī of the Day", "Pin and clear days"},
+
+	{"rewards:read", "Rewards", "View the reward catalog"},
+	{"rewards:write", "Rewards", "Add custom gifts"},
+	{"rewards:send", "Rewards", "Send gifts to everyone"},
+	{"rewards:delete", "Rewards", "Delete custom gifts"},
+
+	{"broadcasts:read", "Announcements", "View announcements"},
+	{"broadcasts:write", "Announcements", "Create and delete drafts"},
+	{"broadcasts:publish", "Announcements", "Publish to everyone"},
+
+	{"quizzes:read", "Quizzes", "View quizzes"},
+	{"quizzes:write", "Quizzes", "Create, edit and publish quizzes"},
+	{"quizzes:delete", "Quizzes", "Delete quizzes"},
+	{"quizzes:results", "Quizzes", "View participants and responses"},
+
+	{"short_urls:read", "Short URLs", "View short links and stats"},
+}
+
+// Valid reports whether p is a grantable permission.
+func Valid(p string) bool {
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(Catalog, func(c Permission) bool { return c.Key == p })
+}
+
+// Set is a resolved permission set for one staff member.
+type Set struct {
+	all  bool
+	keys map[string]bool
+}
+
+// NewSet resolves a role's stored permissions.
+func NewSet(perms []string) Set {
+	s := Set{keys: map[string]bool{}}
+	for _, p := range perms {
+		if p == Wildcard {
+			s.all = true
+		}
+		s.keys[p] = true
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// Has reports whether the set grants p.
+func (s Set) Has(p string) bool { return s.all || s.keys[p] }
+
+// List is the effective permissions, for the admin UI to decide what to show.
+// A wildcard expands to the full catalog plus ManageStaff.
+func (s Set) List() []string {
+	if s.all {
+		out := make([]string, 0, len(Catalog)+1)
+		for _, c := range Catalog {
+			out = append(out, c.Key)
+		}
+		return append(out, ManageStaff)
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(s.keys))
+	for k := range s.keys {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(out)
+	return out
+}

internal/repository/admin_repo.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func (r *AdminRepo) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, q string, limit, offset int)
 		          FROM oauth_accounts oa WHERE oa.user_id = u.id) AS providers,
 		       u.bookmark_limit, u.public_collection_limit, u.private_collection_limit,
 		       u.disciple_id,
+		       (SELECT ro.key FROM admin_roles ro WHERE ro.id = u.admin_role_id) AS admin_role,
 		       COUNT(*) OVER() AS total
 		FROM users u
 		WHERE ($1 = '' OR u.name ILIKE '%'||$1||'%' OR u.handle ILIKE '%'||$1||'%'
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ func (r *AdminRepo) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, q string, limit, offset int)
 			&u.Role, &u.Plan, &u.EmailVerifiedAt, &u.BannedAt, &u.PostCount, &u.CreatedAt,
 			&u.HasPassword, &u.Providers,
 			&bookmarkLimit, &publicCollLimit, &privateCollLimit,
-			&u.DiscipleID, &total); err != nil {
+			&u.DiscipleID, &u.AdminRole, &total); err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("scan admin user: %w", err)
 		}
 		// Resolve plan default + overrides so the panel shows what's in force.

internal/repository/quiz_repo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,693 @@
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/model"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrQuizNotFound      = errors.New("quiz not found")
+	ErrQuizNotStarted    = errors.New("start the quiz first")
+	ErrQuizNotCurrent    = errors.New("that isn't the current question")
+	ErrQuizBadOption     = errors.New("that option isn't part of this question")
+	ErrQuizChoiceCount   = errors.New("choose one option, or at least one where several apply")
+	ErrQuizAlreadyAnswer = errors.New("that question is already answered")
+	ErrQuizNotFinished   = errors.New("the quiz isn't finished yet")
+)
+
+type QuizRepo struct{ pg *Postgres }
+
+func NewQuizRepo(pg *Postgres) *QuizRepo { return &QuizRepo{pg: pg} }
+
+// QuizInput is a whole quiz as the admin editor submits it.
+type QuizInput struct {
+	Title       string
+	Description string
+	TargetKind  string
+	TargetPath  *string
+	TargetTitle string
+	Questions   []QuestionInput
+}
+
+type QuestionInput struct {
+	Prompt      string
+	Explanation string
+	Multi       bool
+	Options     []OptionInput
+}
+
+type OptionInput struct {
+	Body      string
+	IsCorrect bool
+}
+
+const quizColumns = `q.id, q.title, q.description, q.target_kind, q.target_path,
+	q.target_title, q.published_at, q.created_at, q.updated_at,
+	(SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_questions qq WHERE qq.quiz_id = q.id)`
+
+func scanQuiz(row pgx.Row, q *model.Quiz, extra ...any) error {
+	dest := []any{&q.ID, &q.Title, &q.Description, &q.TargetKind, &q.TargetPath,
+		&q.TargetTitle, &q.PublishedAt, &q.CreatedAt, &q.UpdatedAt, &q.QuestionCount}
+	return row.Scan(append(dest, extra...)...)
+}
+
+// ── Admin ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func (r *QuizRepo) ListAdmin(ctx context.Context) ([]model.Quiz, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `SELECT `+quizColumns+`,
+		(SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_attempts a WHERE a.quiz_id = q.id),
+		(SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_attempts a WHERE a.quiz_id = q.id AND a.completed_at IS NOT NULL)
+		FROM quizzes q WHERE q.deleted_at IS NULL
+		ORDER BY q.updated_at DESC`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list quizzes: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	out := []model.Quiz{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var q model.Quiz
+		if err := scanQuiz(rows, &q, &q.AttemptCount, &q.CompletedCount); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan quiz: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, q)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// Get loads a quiz with its questions. revealAnswers controls whether
+// IsCorrect is filled in: true for the admin editor and results screens,
+// false for anyone mid-attempt.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Get(ctx context.Context, id string, revealAnswers bool) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	var q model.Quiz
+	err := scanQuiz(r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT `+quizColumns+`
+		FROM quizzes q WHERE q.id = $1 AND q.deleted_at IS NULL`, id), &q)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, ErrQuizNotFound
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load quiz: %w", err)
+	}
+	if q.Questions, err = r.questions(ctx, id, revealAnswers); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &q, nil
+}
+
+func (r *QuizRepo) questions(ctx context.Context, quizID string, reveal bool) ([]model.QuizQuestion, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT qq.id, qq.ord, qq.prompt, qq.explanation, qq.multi,
+		       o.id, o.ord, o.body, o.is_correct
+		FROM quiz_questions qq
+		JOIN quiz_options o ON o.question_id = qq.id
+		WHERE qq.quiz_id = $1
+		ORDER BY qq.ord, o.ord`, quizID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load questions: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	out := []model.QuizQuestion{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var (
+			qid, prompt, expl, oid, body string
+			qord, oord                   int
+			multi, correct               bool
+		)
+		if err := rows.Scan(&qid, &qord, &prompt, &expl, &multi, &oid, &oord, &body, &correct); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan question: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(out) == 0 || out[len(out)-1].ID != qid {
+			out = append(out, model.QuizQuestion{ID: qid, Ord: qord, Prompt: prompt, Explanation: expl, Multi: multi})
+		}
+		opt := model.QuizOption{ID: oid, Ord: oord, Body: body}
+		if reveal {
+			c := correct
+			opt.IsCorrect = &c
+		}
+		last := &out[len(out)-1]
+		last.Options = append(last.Options, opt)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// Create stores a new quiz, unpublished, with its questions.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Create(ctx context.Context, in QuizInput, createdBy string) (string, error) {
+	tx, err := r.pg.Pool.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("begin quiz tx: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback(ctx) //nolint:errcheck
+	var id string
+	if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO quizzes (title, description, target_kind, target_path, target_title, created_by)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6) RETURNING id`,
+		in.Title, in.Description, in.TargetKind, in.TargetPath, in.TargetTitle, createdBy,
+	).Scan(&id); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create quiz: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := insertQuestions(ctx, tx, id, in.Questions); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return id, tx.Commit(ctx)
+}
+
+// Update rewrites a quiz. replaceQuestions is false once anyone has made an
+// attempt: their answers point at specific questions and options, so those
+// are frozen and only the title, description and target may change.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Update(ctx context.Context, id string, in QuizInput, replaceQuestions bool) error {
+	tx, err := r.pg.Pool.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("begin quiz tx: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback(ctx) //nolint:errcheck
+	tag, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE quizzes SET title = $2, description = $3, target_kind = $4,
+		       target_path = $5, target_title = $6, updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
+		id, in.Title, in.Description, in.TargetKind, in.TargetPath, in.TargetTitle)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update quiz: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrQuizNotFound
+	}
+	if replaceQuestions {
+		if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM quiz_questions WHERE quiz_id = $1`, id); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("clear questions: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err := insertQuestions(ctx, tx, id, in.Questions); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return tx.Commit(ctx)
+}
+
+func insertQuestions(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, quizID string, qs []QuestionInput) error {
+	for i, q := range qs {
+		var qid string
+		if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, `
+			INSERT INTO quiz_questions (quiz_id, ord, prompt, explanation, multi)
+			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) RETURNING id`, quizID, i, q.Prompt, q.Explanation, q.Multi,
+		).Scan(&qid); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("insert question: %w", err)
+		}
+		for j, o := range q.Options {
+			if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
+				INSERT INTO quiz_options (question_id, ord, body, is_correct)
+				VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)`, qid, j, o.Body, o.IsCorrect); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("insert option: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *QuizRepo) AttemptCount(ctx context.Context, id string) (int, error) {
+	var n int
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_attempts WHERE quiz_id = $1`, id).Scan(&n)
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (r *QuizRepo) SetPublished(ctx context.Context, id string, published bool) error {
+	tag, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE quizzes
+		SET published_at = CASE WHEN $2 THEN COALESCE(published_at, now()) ELSE NULL END,
+		    updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`, id, published)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("publish quiz: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrQuizNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete hides a quiz everywhere. Soft, so participants' results survive.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	tag, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE quizzes SET deleted_at = now() WHERE id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete quiz: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrQuizNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Participants lists everyone who started a quiz, best scores first.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Participants(ctx context.Context, quizID string) ([]model.QuizParticipant, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT u.id, u.handle, u.name, u.avatar_url, a.started_at, a.completed_at,
+		       (SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_answers x WHERE x.attempt_id = a.id AND x.answered_at IS NOT NULL),
+		       a.score, a.total,
+		       COALESCE((SELECT sum(x.response_ms) FROM quiz_answers x WHERE x.attempt_id = a.id), 0)
+		FROM quiz_attempts a
+		JOIN users u ON u.id = a.user_id
+		WHERE a.quiz_id = $1
+		ORDER BY (a.completed_at IS NOT NULL) DESC, a.score DESC, a.started_at`, quizID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("quiz participants: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	out := []model.QuizParticipant{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var p model.QuizParticipant
+		if err := rows.Scan(&p.UserID, &p.Handle, &p.Name, &p.AvatarURL, &p.StartedAt,
+			&p.CompletedAt, &p.Answered, &p.Score, &p.Total, &p.TotalMs); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan participant: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// QuestionStats aggregates every answer per question and option.
+func (r *QuizRepo) QuestionStats(ctx context.Context, quizID string) ([]model.QuizQuestionStat, error) {
+	qs, err := r.questions(ctx, quizID, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT x.question_id, COALESCE(x.option_ids::text[], '{}'), x.is_correct, x.response_ms
+		FROM quiz_answers x
+		JOIN quiz_questions qq ON qq.id = x.question_id
+		WHERE qq.quiz_id = $1 AND x.answered_at IS NOT NULL`, quizID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("quiz answers: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	picks := map[string]int{}
+	type agg struct {
+		answered, correct int
+		times             []int
+	}
+	per := map[string]*agg{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var qid string
+		var oids []string
+		var correct *bool
+		var ms *int
+		if err := rows.Scan(&qid, &oids, &correct, &ms); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan answer: %w", err)
+		}
+		a := per[qid]
+		if a == nil {
+			a = &agg{}
+			per[qid] = a
+		}
+		a.answered++
+		if correct != nil && *correct {
+			a.correct++
+		}
+		if ms != nil {
+			a.times = append(a.times, *ms)
+		}
+		for _, oid := range oids {
+			picks[oid]++
+		}
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := make([]model.QuizQuestionStat, 0, len(qs))
+	for _, q := range qs {
+		st := model.QuizQuestionStat{ID: q.ID, Ord: q.Ord, Prompt: q.Prompt, Multi: q.Multi}
+		if a := per[q.ID]; a != nil {
+			st.Answered, st.Correct = a.answered, a.correct
+			if n := len(a.times); n > 0 {
+				sum := 0
+				for _, t := range a.times {
+					sum += t
+				}
+				st.AvgMs = sum / n
+				sort.Ints(a.times)
+				st.MedianMs = a.times[n/2]
+			}
+		}
+		for _, o := range q.Options {
+			st.Options = append(st.Options, model.QuizOptionStat{QuizOption: o, Picks: picks[o.ID]})
+		}
+		out = append(out, st)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// ── Taking a quiz ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// PublishedForPath returns the newest live quiz on a content page, or nil.
+func (r *QuizRepo) PublishedForPath(ctx context.Context, path string) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	var q model.Quiz
+	err := scanQuiz(r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT `+quizColumns+`
+		FROM quizzes q
+		WHERE q.target_path = $1 AND q.deleted_at IS NULL AND q.published_at IS NOT NULL
+		ORDER BY q.published_at DESC LIMIT 1`, path), &q)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("quiz for path: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &q, nil
+}
+
+// ListPublished returns every live quiz, newest first.
+func (r *QuizRepo) ListPublished(ctx context.Context) ([]model.Quiz, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `SELECT `+quizColumns+`
+		FROM quizzes q
+		WHERE q.deleted_at IS NULL AND q.published_at IS NOT NULL
+		ORDER BY q.published_at DESC`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list published quizzes: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	out := []model.Quiz{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var q model.Quiz
+		if err := scanQuiz(rows, &q); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan quiz: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, q)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// Statuses returns the caller's progress on each of the given quizzes.
+// Quizzes they haven't touched are simply absent.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Statuses(ctx context.Context, userID string, quizIDs []string) (map[string]model.QuizStatus, error) {
+	out := map[string]model.QuizStatus{}
+	if userID == "" || len(quizIDs) == 0 {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT a.quiz_id, a.completed_at IS NOT NULL, a.score, a.total,
+		       (SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_answers x WHERE x.attempt_id = a.id AND x.answered_at IS NOT NULL)
+		FROM quiz_attempts a
+		WHERE a.user_id = $1 AND a.quiz_id = ANY($2)`, userID, quizIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("quiz statuses: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id string
+		var done bool
+		var score, total, answered int
+		if err := rows.Scan(&id, &done, &score, &total, &answered); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan status: %w", err)
+		}
+		st := model.QuizStatus{State: model.QuizInProgress, Answered: answered, Total: total}
+		if done {
+			st.State = model.QuizCompleted
+			s := score
+			st.Score = &s
+		}
+		out[id] = st
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+type attemptRow struct {
+	ID          string
+	StartedAt   time.Time
+	CompletedAt *time.Time
+	Score       int
+	Total       int
+}
+
+func (r *QuizRepo) attempt(ctx context.Context, quizID, userID string) (*attemptRow, error) {
+	var a attemptRow
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT id, started_at, completed_at, score, total
+		FROM quiz_attempts WHERE quiz_id = $1 AND user_id = $2`, quizID, userID,
+	).Scan(&a.ID, &a.StartedAt, &a.CompletedAt, &a.Score, &a.Total)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, ErrQuizNotStarted
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load attempt: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &a, nil
+}
+
+// Start opens the caller's attempt. Idempotent: starting again resumes.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Start(ctx context.Context, quizID, userID string, total int) error {
+	_, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO quiz_attempts (quiz_id, user_id, total) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)
+		ON CONFLICT (quiz_id, user_id) DO NOTHING`, quizID, userID, total)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("start attempt: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Next returns the first unanswered question and stamps the moment it was
+// served. The stamp is set ONCE: fetching the same question again — a reload,
+// a second tab — doesn't restart its clock.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Next(ctx context.Context, quizID, userID string) (*model.QuizPlay, error) {
+	a, err := r.attempt(ctx, quizID, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	play := &model.QuizPlay{QuizID: quizID, Total: a.Total}
+	if err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_answers WHERE attempt_id = $1 AND answered_at IS NOT NULL`,
+		a.ID).Scan(&play.Answered); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("count answered: %w", err)
+	}
+	if a.CompletedAt != nil {
+		play.Done = true
+		return play, nil
+	}
+
+	var qid string
+	err = r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT qq.id FROM quiz_questions qq
+		WHERE qq.quiz_id = $1
+		  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM quiz_answers x
+		                  WHERE x.attempt_id = $2 AND x.question_id = qq.id
+		                    AND x.answered_at IS NOT NULL)
+		ORDER BY qq.ord LIMIT 1`, quizID, a.ID).Scan(&qid)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		// Every question answered but not yet marked complete — finish it.
+		if err := r.complete(ctx, a.ID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		play.Done = true
+		return play, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("next question: %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO quiz_answers (attempt_id, question_id) VALUES ($1, $2)
+		ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING`, a.ID, qid); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stamp question: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	qs, err := r.questions(ctx, quizID, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for i := range qs {
+		if qs[i].ID == qid {
+			play.Question = &qs[i]
+			// The explanation discusses the answer; it belongs on the
+			// results screen, not beside the question being answered.
+			play.Question.Explanation = ""
+		}
+	}
+	return play, nil
+}
+
+// Answer records the caller's choice on the CURRENT question: one option, or
+// for a multi question every option they think applies.
+//
+// The question must have been served (Next stamped it), which enforces order
+// and gives the server its own start time. Response time is shown→answered,
+// both server clocks. An answer can't be changed once given. A multi answer
+// is correct only when the chosen set equals the correct set exactly.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Answer(ctx context.Context, quizID, userID, questionID string, optionIDs []string) error {
+	a, err := r.attempt(ctx, quizID, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if a.CompletedAt != nil {
+		return ErrQuizAlreadyAnswer
+	}
+
+	chosen := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, id := range optionIDs {
+		chosen[id] = true
+	}
+
+	tx, err := r.pg.Pool.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("begin answer tx: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback(ctx) //nolint:errcheck
+
+	rows, err := tx.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT qq.multi, o.id, o.is_correct FROM quiz_options o
+		JOIN quiz_questions qq ON qq.id = o.question_id
+		WHERE o.question_id = $1 AND qq.quiz_id = $2`, questionID, quizID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("check options: %w", err)
+	}
+	var multi bool
+	known, wrongPick, missed := 0, false, false
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var oid string
+		var isCorrect bool
+		if err := rows.Scan(&multi, &oid, &isCorrect); err != nil {
+			rows.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("scan option: %w", err)
+		}
+		if chosen[oid] {
+			known++
+			wrongPick = wrongPick || !isCorrect
+		} else if isCorrect {
+			missed = true
+		}
+	}
+	rows.Close()
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("check options: %w", err)
+	}
+	if known != len(chosen) {
+		// Something chosen isn't an option of this question (or the question
+		// isn't part of this quiz at all).
+		return ErrQuizBadOption
+	}
+	if len(chosen) == 0 || (!multi && len(chosen) != 1) {
+		return ErrQuizChoiceCount
+	}
+	correct := !wrongPick && !missed
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(chosen))
+	for _, id := range optionIDs {
+		if chosen[id] {
+			ids = append(ids, id)
+			delete(chosen, id) // keep the first of any duplicate
+		}
+	}
+
+	var answeredAt *time.Time
+	err = tx.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT answered_at FROM quiz_answers
+		WHERE attempt_id = $1 AND question_id = $2 FOR UPDATE`, a.ID, questionID).Scan(&answeredAt)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return ErrQuizNotCurrent
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load answer row: %w", err)
+	}
+	if answeredAt != nil {
+		return ErrQuizAlreadyAnswer
+	}
+
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE quiz_answers
+		SET option_ids = $3::uuid[], answered_at = now(), is_correct = $4,
+		    response_ms = GREATEST(0, (EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (now() - shown_at)) * 1000)::int)
+		WHERE attempt_id = $1 AND question_id = $2`,
+		a.ID, questionID, ids, correct); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("record answer: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit answer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Finish the attempt once nothing is left unanswered.
+	var remaining int
+	if err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_questions qq
+		WHERE qq.quiz_id = $1 AND NOT EXISTS (
+		    SELECT 1 FROM quiz_answers x WHERE x.attempt_id = $2
+		      AND x.question_id = qq.id AND x.answered_at IS NOT NULL)`,
+		quizID, a.ID).Scan(&remaining); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("count remaining: %w", err)
+	}
+	if remaining == 0 {
+		return r.complete(ctx, a.ID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *QuizRepo) complete(ctx context.Context, attemptID string) error {
+	_, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE quiz_attempts SET completed_at = now(),
+		       score = (SELECT count(*) FROM quiz_answers WHERE attempt_id = $1 AND is_correct)
+		WHERE id = $1 AND completed_at IS NULL`, attemptID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("complete attempt: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Result returns an attempt with the answers revealed.
+//
+// allowIncomplete is false on the user's path, which refuses until the attempt
+// is finished — otherwise a result would be a way to peek at the answers. The
+// admin passes true to inspect an attempt still in progress.
+func (r *QuizRepo) Result(ctx context.Context, quizID, userID string, allowIncomplete bool) (*model.QuizResult, error) {
+	a, err := r.attempt(ctx, quizID, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if a.CompletedAt == nil && !allowIncomplete {
+		return nil, ErrQuizNotFinished
+	}
+	quiz, err := r.Get(ctx, quizID, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	res := &model.QuizResult{
+		Score: a.Score, Total: a.Total, StartedAt: a.StartedAt, CompletedAt: a.CompletedAt,
+	}
+
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT question_id, COALESCE(option_ids::text[], '{}'), COALESCE(is_correct, false), response_ms
+		FROM quiz_answers WHERE attempt_id = $1`, a.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load result answers: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	type ans struct {
+		options []string
+		correct bool
+		ms      *int
+	}
+	got := map[string]ans{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var qid string
+		var x ans
+		if err := rows.Scan(&qid, &x.options, &x.correct, &x.ms); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan result answer: %w", err)
+		}
+		got[qid] = x
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, q := range quiz.Questions {
+		item := model.QuizResultItem{QuizQuestion: q, ChosenOptionIDs: []string{}}
+		if x, ok := got[q.ID]; ok {
+			item.ChosenOptionIDs, item.IsCorrect, item.ResponseMs = x.options, x.correct, x.ms
+			if x.ms != nil {
+				res.TotalMs += *x.ms
+			}
+		}
+		res.Items = append(res.Items, item)
+	}
+	quiz.Questions = nil
+	res.Quiz = *quiz
+	return res, nil
+}

internal/repository/staff_repo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package repository
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/model"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrNotStaff     = errors.New("not a staff member")
+	ErrRoleNotFound = errors.New("role not found")
+	ErrRoleKeyTaken = errors.New("a role with that name already exists")
+	ErrRoleInUse    = errors.New("role is still assigned to staff")
+)
+
+// SuperadminKey is the seeded role that holds the wildcard.
+const SuperadminKey = "superadmin"
+
+type StaffRepo struct{ pg *Postgres }
+
+func NewStaffRepo(pg *Postgres) *StaffRepo { return &StaffRepo{pg: pg} }
+
+// Access loads the caller's role and permissions. ErrNotStaff when the account
+// holds no admin role at all.
+func (r *StaffRepo) Access(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*model.StaffAccess, error) {
+	var a model.StaffAccess
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT ro.key, ro.name, ro.permissions, u.admin_blocked_at IS NOT NULL
+		FROM users u
+		JOIN admin_roles ro ON ro.id = u.admin_role_id
+		WHERE u.id = $1 AND u.banned_at IS NULL`, userID,
+	).Scan(&a.RoleKey, &a.RoleName, &a.Permissions, &a.Blocked)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, ErrNotStaff
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("staff access: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &a, nil
+}
+
+const staffSelect = `
+	SELECT u.id, u.handle, u.name, u.email, u.avatar_url,
+	       ro.id, ro.key, ro.name, u.admin_blocked_at
+	FROM users u
+	JOIN admin_roles ro ON ro.id = u.admin_role_id`
+
+func scanStaff(row pgx.Row, m *model.StaffMember) error {
+	return row.Scan(&m.UserID, &m.Handle, &m.Name, &m.Email, &m.AvatarURL,
+		&m.RoleID, &m.RoleKey, &m.RoleName, &m.BlockedAt)
+}
+
+// ListStaff returns every account holding a role, superadmins first.
+func (r *StaffRepo) ListStaff(ctx context.Context) ([]model.StaffMember, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, staffSelect+`
+		ORDER BY (ro.key = 'superadmin') DESC, ro.name, u.name`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list staff: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	out := []model.StaffMember{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var m model.StaffMember
+		if err := scanStaff(rows, &m); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan staff: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, m)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// StaffMember loads one staff member. ErrNotStaff if they hold no role.
+func (r *StaffRepo) StaffMember(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*model.StaffMember, error) {
+	var m model.StaffMember
+	err := scanStaff(r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, staffSelect+` WHERE u.id = $1`, userID), &m)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, ErrNotStaff
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("staff member: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &m, nil
+}
+
+// SetRole grants or changes a role. A nil roleID revokes staff access and
+// clears any block, so a later re-grant starts clean.
+func (r *StaffRepo) SetRole(ctx context.Context, userID string, roleID *string) error {
+	tag, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE users
+		SET admin_role_id = $2,
+		    admin_blocked_at = CASE WHEN $2::uuid IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE admin_blocked_at END,
+		    updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1`, userID, roleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set staff role: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrUserGone
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetBlocked suspends or restores a staff member's panel access.
+func (r *StaffRepo) SetBlocked(ctx context.Context, userID string, blocked bool) error {
+	_, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE users
+		SET admin_blocked_at = CASE WHEN $2 THEN now() ELSE NULL END
+		WHERE id = $1 AND admin_role_id IS NOT NULL`, userID, blocked)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set staff blocked: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ActiveSuperadmins counts superadmins who aren't blocked — the floor that
+// stops the last one from being demoted, revoked or blocked.
+func (r *StaffRepo) ActiveSuperadmins(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	var n int
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT count(*) FROM users u
+		JOIN admin_roles ro ON ro.id = u.admin_role_id
+		WHERE ro.key = $1 AND u.admin_blocked_at IS NULL AND u.banned_at IS NULL`,
+		SuperadminKey).Scan(&n)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("count superadmins: %w", err)
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// UserIDByHandle resolves a handle for granting a role.
+func (r *StaffRepo) UserIDByHandle(ctx context.Context, handle string) (string, error) {
+	var id string
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT id FROM users WHERE handle = $1 AND banned_at IS NULL`, handle).Scan(&id)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return "", ErrUserGone
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("resolve handle: %w", err)
+	}
+	return id, nil
+}
+
+// ── Roles ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func (r *StaffRepo) ListRoles(ctx context.Context) ([]model.AdminRole, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pg.Pool.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT ro.id, ro.key, ro.name, ro.description, ro.is_system,
+		       ro.permissions, ro.created_at,
+		       (SELECT count(*) FROM users u WHERE u.admin_role_id = ro.id)
+		FROM admin_roles ro
+		ORDER BY ro.is_system DESC,
+		         array_position(ARRAY['superadmin','admin','moderator'], ro.key::text),
+		         ro.name`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list roles: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	out := []model.AdminRole{}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var ro model.AdminRole
+		if err := rows.Scan(&ro.ID, &ro.Key, &ro.Name, &ro.Description,
+			&ro.IsSystem, &ro.Permissions, &ro.CreatedAt, &ro.MemberCount); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan role: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, ro)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+func (r *StaffRepo) Role(ctx context.Context, id string) (*model.AdminRole, error) {
+	var ro model.AdminRole
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		SELECT id, key, name, description, is_system, permissions, created_at
+		FROM admin_roles WHERE id = $1`, id,
+	).Scan(&ro.ID, &ro.Key, &ro.Name, &ro.Description, &ro.IsSystem, &ro.Permissions, &ro.CreatedAt)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return nil, ErrRoleNotFound
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load role: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &ro, nil
+}
+
+func (r *StaffRepo) CreateRole(ctx context.Context, key, name, description string, perms []string) (*model.AdminRole, error) {
+	var ro model.AdminRole
+	err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO admin_roles (key, name, description, permissions)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)
+		RETURNING id, key, name, description, is_system, permissions, created_at`,
+		key, name, description, perms,
+	).Scan(&ro.ID, &ro.Key, &ro.Name, &ro.Description, &ro.IsSystem, &ro.Permissions, &ro.CreatedAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		if isUniqueViolation(err, "admin_roles_key_key") {
+			return nil, ErrRoleKeyTaken
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create role: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &ro, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateRole edits a CUSTOM role; system roles are filtered out in SQL so a
+// bug higher up still can't rewrite superadmin.
+func (r *StaffRepo) UpdateRole(ctx context.Context, id, name, description string, perms []string) error {
+	tag, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE admin_roles
+		SET name = $2, description = $3, permissions = $4, updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND NOT is_system`, id, name, description, perms)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update role: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrRoleNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeleteRole removes an unused CUSTOM role.
+func (r *StaffRepo) DeleteRole(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	var members int
+	if err := r.pg.Pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE admin_role_id = $1`, id).Scan(&members); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("count role members: %w", err)
+	}
+	if members > 0 {
+		return ErrRoleInUse
+	}
+	tag, err := r.pg.Pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`DELETE FROM admin_roles WHERE id = $1 AND NOT is_system`, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete role: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrRoleNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/repository/stats_repo.go

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ type CategoryCount struct {
 // the table sizes are modest enough that chasing parallelism here
 // would buy sub-ms wins for added complexity.
 func (r *StatsRepo) Snapshot(ctx context.Context) (*StatsSnapshot, error) {
-	s := &StatsSnapshot{}
+	// Non-nil so an empty table serialises as [] rather than null.
+	s := &StatsSnapshot{FeedbackByCategory: []CategoryCount{}}
 	sevenAgo := time.Now().Add(-7 * 24 * time.Hour)
 
 	scalars := []struct {

internal/server/server.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/config"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/handler"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/service"
 	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/worker"
@@ -78,6 +79,9 @@ type Server struct {
 	statsH         *handler.StatsHandler
 	adminH         *handler.AdminHandler
 	broadcastH     *handler.BroadcastHandler
+	staffRepo      *repository.StaffRepo
+	staffH         *handler.StaffHandler
+	quizH          *handler.QuizHandler
 
 	// Auth state (nil when Postgres is unavailable — /auth and /users return 503)
 	authIssuer *auth.Issuer
@@ -224,6 +228,10 @@ func (s *Server) initAuth(cfg *config.Config, logger *zap.Logger) {
 	vaniRepo := repository.NewVaniRepo(s.pg, s.mongo)
 	s.vaniH = handler.NewVaniHandler(service.NewVaniService(vaniRepo, logger))
 
+	// Quizzes reuse the vāṇī content lookups to resolve a pasted link into a
+	// target title and kind.
+	s.quizH = handler.NewQuizHandler(service.NewQuizService(repository.NewQuizRepo(s.pg), vaniRepo))
+
 	// OAuth — wired only when at least one provider is configured. The
 	// registry skips providers with missing creds, so partial configs (e.g.
 	// Google only, no Facebook) work out of the box.
@@ -344,7 +352,10 @@ func (s *Server) initAuth(cfg *config.Config, logger *zap.Logger) {
 	// Gated by RequireAuth + RequireAdmin in the router.
 	adminRepo := repository.NewAdminRepo(s.pg)
 	adminSvc := service.NewAdminService(adminRepo, statsRepo, notifSvc, feedbackSvc, userRepo, s.discipleRepo, mail, logger, cfg.FrontendURL)
-	s.adminH = handler.NewAdminHandler(adminSvc)
+	// Admin RBAC: who is staff, with which permissions.
+	s.staffRepo = repository.NewStaffRepo(s.pg)
+	s.adminH = handler.NewAdminHandler(adminSvc, s.staffRepo)
+	s.staffH = handler.NewStaffHandler(service.NewStaffService(s.staffRepo, mail, logger, cfg.AdminURL))
 
 	// Broadcasts — admin announcements shown once per user. No notification
 	// rows: the modal is the surface, and push plus the realtime nudge only
@@ -479,8 +490,14 @@ func (s *Server) setupRouter() {
 	// CORS — the main frontend plus, when configured, the admin panel (a
 	// separate origin). Empty origins are filtered so the list never widens
 	// unintentionally.
+	adminURL := s.cfg.AdminURL
+	if adminURL == "" && s.cfg.Env == "development" {
+		// The admin app's dev server (`next dev -p 3001`), so local admin
+		// work needs no extra config. Production must set ADMIN_URL.
+		adminURL = "http://localhost:3001"
+	}
 	allowedOrigins := []string{}
-	for _, o := range []string{s.cfg.FrontendURL, s.cfg.AdminURL} {
+	for _, o := range []string{s.cfg.FrontendURL, adminURL} {
 		if o != "" {
 			allowedOrigins = append(allowedOrigins, o)
 		}
@@ -708,6 +725,23 @@ func (s *Server) setupRouter() {
 		// Vāṇī of the Day — public daily content pick for the home page.
 		r.Get("/vani/today", s.vaniH.Today)
 
+		// Quizzes. Browsing is open to signed-out readers (they see that a
+		// quiz exists); taking one, and seeing results, needs an account.
+		r.Route("/quizzes", func(r chi.Router) {
+			r.Group(func(r chi.Router) {
+				r.Use(middleware.OptionalAuth(s.authIssuer, s.userRepo))
+				r.Get("/", s.quizH.List)
+				r.Get("/for", s.quizH.ForPath)
+				r.Get("/{id}", s.quizH.Get)
+			})
+			r.Group(func(r chi.Router) {
+				r.Use(middleware.RequireAuth(s.authIssuer, s.userRepo))
+				r.Post("/{id}/start", s.quizH.Start)
+				r.Post("/{id}/answer", s.quizH.Answer)
+				r.Get("/{id}/result", s.quizH.Result)
+			})
+		})
+
 		// --- Auth ---
 		// Public endpoints (no JWT required) for sign-up, log-in, password reset,
 		// and email verification. The /auth/me + /auth/resend-verification routes
@@ -1150,52 +1184,87 @@ func (s *Server) setupRouter() {
 				return
 			}
 			r.Use(middleware.RequireAuth(s.authIssuer, s.userRepo))
-			r.Use(middleware.RequireAdmin(s.userRepo))
-			r.Get("/stats", s.adminH.Stats)
-			r.Get("/users", s.adminH.ListUsers)
-			r.Post("/users/{id}/notify", s.adminH.NotifyUser)
-			r.Post("/users/{id}/ban", s.adminH.BanUser)
-			r.Delete("/users/{id}/ban", s.adminH.UnbanUser)
-			r.Post("/users/{id}/limits", s.adminH.SetUserLimits)
-			// Direct-disciple linking: mark an account as one of Śrīla
-			// Prabhupāda's initiated disciples (or clear the mark).
-			r.Get("/disciples", s.adminH.ListDisciples)
+			// Staff only past this point; each route then names the one
+			// permission it needs. A route without a permission is reachable
+			// by every staff member, so only /me is left bare.
+			r.Use(middleware.RequireStaff(s.staffRepo))
+			can := func(perm string) chi.Router {
+				return r.With(middleware.RequirePermission(perm))
+			}
 
-			// Announcements composed and published from the admin panel.
-			r.Get("/vani", s.vaniH.Schedule)
-			r.Post("/vani", s.vaniH.Set)
-			r.Post("/vani/by-url", s.vaniH.SetByURL)
-			r.Delete("/vani/{day}", s.vaniH.Clear)
+			r.Get("/me", s.staffH.Me)
 
-			r.Get("/reward-gifts/catalog", s.sadhnaH.GiftableRewards)
-			r.Post("/reward-gifts", s.sadhnaH.GiftToEveryone)
-			r.Post("/reward-gifts/catalog", s.sadhnaH.CreateCustomGift)
-			r.Post("/reward-gifts/image-presign", s.sadhnaH.PresignGiftImage)
-			r.Delete("/reward-gifts/{key}", s.sadhnaH.DeleteCustomGift)
+			// Staff and roles — superadmins only.
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Get("/permissions", s.staffH.Catalog)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Get("/staff", s.staffH.List)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Post("/staff", s.staffH.Grant)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Patch("/staff/{id}", s.staffH.ChangeRole)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Delete("/staff/{id}", s.staffH.Revoke)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Post("/staff/{id}/block", s.staffH.Block)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Delete("/staff/{id}/block", s.staffH.Unblock)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Get("/roles", s.staffH.Roles)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Post("/roles", s.staffH.CreateRole)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Patch("/roles/{id}", s.staffH.UpdateRole)
+			can(rbac.ManageStaff).Delete("/roles/{id}", s.staffH.DeleteRole)
 
-			r.Get("/broadcasts", s.broadcastH.List)
-			r.Post("/broadcasts", s.broadcastH.Create)
-			r.Post("/broadcasts/banner-presign", s.broadcastH.PresignBanner)
-			r.Post("/broadcasts/{id}/publish", s.broadcastH.Publish)
-			r.Delete("/broadcasts/{id}", s.broadcastH.Delete)
-			r.Post("/users/{id}/disciple", s.adminH.LinkDisciple)
-			r.Delete("/users/{id}/disciple", s.adminH.UnlinkDisciple)
-			r.Get("/posts", s.adminH.ListPosts)
-			r.Post("/posts/{id}/hide", s.adminH.HidePost)
-			r.Delete("/posts/{id}/hide", s.adminH.UnhidePost)
-			r.Delete("/posts/{id}", s.adminH.DeletePost)
-			r.Post("/posts/{id}/restore", s.adminH.RestorePost)
-			r.Delete("/comments/{id}", s.adminH.DeleteComment)
-			r.Post("/comments/{id}/restore", s.adminH.RestoreComment)
-			r.Get("/collections", s.adminH.ListCollections)
-			r.Get("/feedback", s.adminH.ListFeedback)
-			r.Post("/feedback/{id}/reply", s.adminH.ReplyFeedback)
-			r.Post("/feedback/{id}/acknowledge", s.adminH.AcknowledgeFeedback)
-			r.Post("/feedback/{id}/resolve", s.adminH.ResolveFeedback)
-			r.Get("/reports", s.adminH.ListReports)
-			r.Post("/reports/{type}/{id}/resolve", s.adminH.ResolveReport)
-			r.Get("/short-urls", s.adminH.ListShortURLs)
-			r.Get("/short-urls/stats", s.adminH.ShortURLStats)
+			can("stats:read").Get("/stats", s.adminH.Stats)
+
+			can("users:read").Get("/users", s.adminH.ListUsers)
+			can("users:notify").Post("/users/{id}/notify", s.adminH.NotifyUser)
+			can("users:ban").Post("/users/{id}/ban", s.adminH.BanUser)
+			can("users:ban").Delete("/users/{id}/ban", s.adminH.UnbanUser)
+			can("users:limits").Post("/users/{id}/limits", s.adminH.SetUserLimits)
+			can("users:read").Get("/disciples", s.adminH.ListDisciples)
+			can("disciples:manage").Post("/users/{id}/disciple", s.adminH.LinkDisciple)
+			can("disciples:manage").Delete("/users/{id}/disciple", s.adminH.UnlinkDisciple)
+
+			can("vani:read").Get("/vani", s.vaniH.Schedule)
+			can("vani:write").Post("/vani", s.vaniH.Set)
+			can("vani:write").Post("/vani/by-url", s.vaniH.SetByURL)
+			can("vani:write").Delete("/vani/{day}", s.vaniH.Clear)
+
+			can("rewards:read").Get("/reward-gifts/catalog", s.sadhnaH.GiftableRewards)
+			can("rewards:send").Post("/reward-gifts", s.sadhnaH.GiftToEveryone)
+			can("rewards:write").Post("/reward-gifts/catalog", s.sadhnaH.CreateCustomGift)
+			can("rewards:write").Post("/reward-gifts/image-presign", s.sadhnaH.PresignGiftImage)
+			can("rewards:delete").Delete("/reward-gifts/{key}", s.sadhnaH.DeleteCustomGift)
+
+			can("broadcasts:read").Get("/broadcasts", s.broadcastH.List)
+			can("broadcasts:write").Post("/broadcasts", s.broadcastH.Create)
+			can("broadcasts:write").Post("/broadcasts/banner-presign", s.broadcastH.PresignBanner)
+			can("broadcasts:publish").Post("/broadcasts/{id}/publish", s.broadcastH.Publish)
+			can("broadcasts:write").Delete("/broadcasts/{id}", s.broadcastH.Delete)
+
+			can("posts:moderate").Get("/posts", s.adminH.ListPosts)
+			can("posts:moderate").Post("/posts/{id}/hide", s.adminH.HidePost)
+			can("posts:moderate").Delete("/posts/{id}/hide", s.adminH.UnhidePost)
+			can("posts:moderate").Delete("/posts/{id}", s.adminH.DeletePost)
+			can("posts:moderate").Post("/posts/{id}/restore", s.adminH.RestorePost)
+			can("comments:moderate").Delete("/comments/{id}", s.adminH.DeleteComment)
+			can("comments:moderate").Post("/comments/{id}/restore", s.adminH.RestoreComment)
+			can("collections:read").Get("/collections", s.adminH.ListCollections)
+
+			can("feedback:read").Get("/feedback", s.adminH.ListFeedback)
+			can("feedback:reply").Post("/feedback/{id}/reply", s.adminH.ReplyFeedback)
+			can("feedback:resolve").Post("/feedback/{id}/acknowledge", s.adminH.AcknowledgeFeedback)
+			can("feedback:resolve").Post("/feedback/{id}/resolve", s.adminH.ResolveFeedback)
+
+			can("reports:read").Get("/reports", s.adminH.ListReports)
+			can("reports:resolve").Post("/reports/{type}/{id}/resolve", s.adminH.ResolveReport)
+
+			can("quizzes:read").Get("/quizzes", s.quizH.AdminList)
+			can("quizzes:read").Get("/quizzes/{id}", s.quizH.AdminGet)
+			can("quizzes:write").Post("/quizzes", s.quizH.Create)
+			can("quizzes:write").Put("/quizzes/{id}", s.quizH.Update)
+			can("quizzes:write").Post("/quizzes/{id}/publish", s.quizH.Publish)
+			can("quizzes:write").Delete("/quizzes/{id}/publish", s.quizH.Unpublish)
+			can("quizzes:delete").Delete("/quizzes/{id}", s.quizH.Delete)
+			can("quizzes:results").Get("/quizzes/{id}/participants", s.quizH.Participants)
+			can("quizzes:results").Get("/quizzes/{id}/participants/{userID}", s.quizH.ParticipantResult)
+			can("quizzes:results").Get("/quizzes/{id}/responses", s.quizH.Responses)
+
+			can("short_urls:read").Get("/short-urls", s.adminH.ListShortURLs)
+			can("short_urls:read").Get("/short-urls/stats", s.adminH.ShortURLStats)
 		})
 	})
 

internal/service/quiz_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,386 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/model"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxQuizQuestions = 100
+	minQuizOptions   = 2
+	maxQuizOptions   = 5
+	maxQuizTitle     = 200
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrQuizTitle       = errors.New("a quiz needs a title")
+	ErrQuizNoQuestions = errors.New("a quiz needs at least one question")
+	ErrQuizTooMany     = fmt.Errorf("a quiz can have at most %d questions", maxQuizQuestions)
+	ErrQuizPrompt      = errors.New("every question needs a prompt")
+	ErrQuizOptionCount = fmt.Errorf("each question needs %d to %d options", minQuizOptions, maxQuizOptions)
+	ErrQuizOptionBody  = errors.New("every option needs text")
+	ErrQuizOneCorrect  = errors.New("a single-answer question needs exactly one correct option")
+	ErrQuizNoCorrect   = errors.New("a multiple-answer question needs at least one correct option")
+	ErrQuizLocked      = errors.New("people have already taken this quiz, so its questions can't change")
+	ErrQuizTarget      = errors.New("that link isn't a book chapter, lecture or conversation")
+	ErrQuizUnpublished = errors.New("this quiz isn't available")
+)
+
+// QuizService is both sides of quizzes: authoring for staff, taking for users.
+type QuizService struct {
+	quizzes *repository.QuizRepo
+	// content resolves a pasted link into a target title and kind.
+	content *repository.VaniRepo
+}
+
+func NewQuizService(quizzes *repository.QuizRepo, content *repository.VaniRepo) *QuizService {
+	return &QuizService{quizzes: quizzes, content: content}
+}
+
+// QuizDraft is what the admin editor submits. TargetURL is pasted from the
+// app; empty means a stand-alone quiz.
+type QuizDraft struct {
+	Title       string
+	Description string
+	TargetURL   string
+	// TargetTitle overrides the resolved content title when set.
+	TargetTitle string
+	Questions   []repository.QuestionInput
+}
+
+// NormalizeContentPath reduces a pasted link to the path a content page
+// reports for itself: no scheme, host, query, fragment or trailing slash.
+// Both sides normalise identically, so "https://…/books/bg/2/?x" and the
+// page's own "/books/bg/2" meet.
+func NormalizeContentPath(raw string) string {
+	p := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if u, err := url.Parse(p); err == nil && u.Host != "" {
+		p = u.Path
+	}
+	p = strings.SplitN(strings.SplitN(p, "?", 2)[0], "#", 2)[0]
+	p = "/" + strings.Trim(p, "/")
+	if p == "/" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+// resolveTarget works out what a link points at.
+func (s *QuizService) resolveTarget(ctx context.Context, raw, override string) (kind string, path *string, title string, err error) {
+	p := NormalizeContentPath(raw)
+	if p == "" {
+		return model.QuizStandalone, nil, "", nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.Trim(p, "/"), "/")
+
+	switch {
+	case len(parts) == 2 && parts[0] == "transcriptions":
+		t, err := s.content.TranscriptBySlug(ctx, parts[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, "", ErrQuizTarget
+		}
+		kind = model.QuizLecture
+		if t.Type == "conversation" {
+			kind = model.QuizConversation
+		}
+		title = t.Name
+
+	case len(parts) >= 3 && parts[0] == "books":
+		kind = model.QuizChapter
+		book := parts[1]
+		bookTitle := s.content.BookTitle(ctx, book)
+		if bookTitle == "" {
+			bookTitle = strings.ToUpper(book)
+		}
+		last := parts[len(parts)-1]
+		if _, numErr := strconv.Atoi(last); numErr == nil {
+			// /books/bg/2, /books/sb/1/2, /books/cc/adi/3 — a numbered chapter.
+			title = bookTitle + " — Chapter " + last
+		} else if pr, err := s.content.ProseBySlug(ctx, book, last); err == nil {
+			title = pr.Title
+		} else {
+			title = bookTitle
+		}
+
+	default:
+		return "", nil, "", ErrQuizTarget
+	}
+
+	if o := strings.TrimSpace(override); o != "" {
+		title = o
+	}
+	return kind, &p, title, nil
+}
+
+func validateQuestions(qs []repository.QuestionInput) ([]repository.QuestionInput, error) {
+	if len(qs) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrQuizNoQuestions
+	}
+	if len(qs) > maxQuizQuestions {
+		return nil, ErrQuizTooMany
+	}
+	out := make([]repository.QuestionInput, 0, len(qs))
+	for _, q := range qs {
+		q.Prompt = strings.TrimSpace(q.Prompt)
+		q.Explanation = strings.TrimSpace(q.Explanation)
+		if q.Prompt == "" {
+			return nil, ErrQuizPrompt
+		}
+		if len(q.Options) < minQuizOptions || len(q.Options) > maxQuizOptions {
+			return nil, ErrQuizOptionCount
+		}
+		correct := 0
+		for i := range q.Options {
+			q.Options[i].Body = strings.TrimSpace(q.Options[i].Body)
+			if q.Options[i].Body == "" {
+				return nil, ErrQuizOptionBody
+			}
+			if q.Options[i].IsCorrect {
+				correct++
+			}
+		}
+		if q.Multi && correct == 0 {
+			return nil, ErrQuizNoCorrect
+		}
+		if !q.Multi && correct != 1 {
+			return nil, ErrQuizOneCorrect
+		}
+		out = append(out, q)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) toInput(ctx context.Context, d QuizDraft, withQuestions bool) (repository.QuizInput, error) {
+	in := repository.QuizInput{
+		Title:       strings.TrimSpace(d.Title),
+		Description: strings.TrimSpace(d.Description),
+	}
+	if in.Title == "" || len([]rune(in.Title)) > maxQuizTitle {
+		return in, ErrQuizTitle
+	}
+	var err error
+	if in.TargetKind, in.TargetPath, in.TargetTitle, err = s.resolveTarget(ctx, d.TargetURL, d.TargetTitle); err != nil {
+		return in, err
+	}
+	if withQuestions {
+		if in.Questions, err = validateQuestions(d.Questions); err != nil {
+			return in, err
+		}
+	}
+	return in, nil
+}
+
+// ── Admin ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func (s *QuizService) ListAdmin(ctx context.Context) ([]model.Quiz, error) {
+	return s.quizzes.ListAdmin(ctx)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) GetAdmin(ctx context.Context, id string) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	q, err := s.quizzes.Get(ctx, id, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if q.AttemptCount, err = s.quizzes.AttemptCount(ctx, id); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return q, nil
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) Create(ctx context.Context, actorID string, d QuizDraft) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	in, err := s.toInput(ctx, d, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	id, err := s.quizzes.Create(ctx, in, actorID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.GetAdmin(ctx, id)
+}
+
+// Update rewrites a quiz. Once anyone has attempted it, its questions are
+// frozen — their answers reference those exact questions and options — and
+// only the title, description and target may change. Sending questions then
+// is refused rather than silently ignored.
+func (s *QuizService) Update(ctx context.Context, id string, d QuizDraft) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	attempts, err := s.quizzes.AttemptCount(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	locked := attempts > 0
+	if locked && len(d.Questions) > 0 {
+		return nil, ErrQuizLocked
+	}
+	in, err := s.toInput(ctx, d, !locked)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := s.quizzes.Update(ctx, id, in, !locked); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.GetAdmin(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) SetPublished(ctx context.Context, id string, published bool) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	if published {
+		q, err := s.quizzes.Get(ctx, id, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(q.Questions) == 0 {
+			return nil, ErrQuizNoQuestions
+		}
+	}
+	if err := s.quizzes.SetPublished(ctx, id, published); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.GetAdmin(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	return s.quizzes.Delete(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) Participants(ctx context.Context, id string) ([]model.QuizParticipant, error) {
+	if _, err := s.quizzes.Get(ctx, id, false); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.quizzes.Participants(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) Responses(ctx context.Context, id string) ([]model.QuizQuestionStat, error) {
+	if _, err := s.quizzes.Get(ctx, id, false); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.quizzes.QuestionStats(ctx, id)
+}
+
+// ParticipantResult is one person's answers, for the admin — including an
+// attempt still in progress, which a user can never see of their own.
+func (s *QuizService) ParticipantResult(ctx context.Context, quizID, userID string) (*model.QuizResult, error) {
+	return s.quizzes.Result(ctx, quizID, userID, true)
+}
+
+// ── Taking ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// published loads a quiz that users may see.
+func (s *QuizService) published(ctx context.Context, id string) (*model.Quiz, error) {
+	q, err := s.quizzes.Get(ctx, id, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if q.PublishedAt == nil {
+		return nil, ErrQuizUnpublished
+	}
+	return q, nil
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) withStatus(ctx context.Context, userID string, qs []model.Quiz) ([]model.QuizCard, error) {
+	ids := make([]string, len(qs))
+	for i, q := range qs {
+		ids[i] = q.ID
+	}
+	st, err := s.quizzes.Statuses(ctx, userID, ids)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := make([]model.QuizCard, len(qs))
+	for i, q := range qs {
+		q.Questions = nil
+		my, ok := st[q.ID]
+		if !ok {
+			my = model.QuizStatus{State: model.QuizNotStarted, Total: q.QuestionCount}
+		}
+		out[i] = model.QuizCard{Quiz: q, My: my}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// ForPath returns the quiz on a content page with the caller's progress, or
+// nil when the page has none. userID may be empty for signed-out readers.
+func (s *QuizService) ForPath(ctx context.Context, userID, rawPath string) (*model.QuizCard, error) {
+	p := NormalizeContentPath(rawPath)
+	if p == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	q, err := s.quizzes.PublishedForPath(ctx, p)
+	if err != nil || q == nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cards, err := s.withStatus(ctx, userID, []model.Quiz{*q})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &cards[0], nil
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) ListPublished(ctx context.Context, userID string) ([]model.QuizCard, error) {
+	qs, err := s.quizzes.ListPublished(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.withStatus(ctx, userID, qs)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) Card(ctx context.Context, userID, id string) (*model.QuizCard, error) {
+	q, err := s.published(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cards, err := s.withStatus(ctx, userID, []model.Quiz{*q})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &cards[0], nil
+}
+
+// Start opens (or resumes) the caller's attempt and returns where they are.
+func (s *QuizService) Start(ctx context.Context, userID, id string) (*model.QuizPlay, error) {
+	q, err := s.published(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := s.quizzes.Start(ctx, id, userID, len(q.Questions)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.next(ctx, userID, q)
+}
+
+func (s *QuizService) next(ctx context.Context, userID string, q *model.Quiz) (*model.QuizPlay, error) {
+	play, err := s.quizzes.Next(ctx, q.ID, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	play.Title = q.Title
+	return play, nil
+}
+
+// Answer records a choice — one option, or several on a multi question — and
+// returns the next step.
+func (s *QuizService) Answer(ctx context.Context, userID, id, questionID string, optionIDs []string) (*model.QuizPlay, error) {
+	q, err := s.published(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := s.quizzes.Answer(ctx, id, userID, questionID, optionIDs); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.next(ctx, userID, q)
+}
+
+// Result is the caller's OWN finished attempt — the only result a user can
+// read. The user id comes from the session, never the request.
+func (s *QuizService) Result(ctx context.Context, userID, id string) (*model.QuizResult, error) {
+	if _, err := s.quizzes.Get(ctx, id, false); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.quizzes.Result(ctx, id, userID, false)
+}

internal/service/quiz_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/model"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
+)
+
+func q(prompt string, correct int, opts ...string) repository.QuestionInput {
+	out := repository.QuestionInput{Prompt: prompt}
+	for i, o := range opts {
+		out.Options = append(out.Options, repository.OptionInput{Body: o, IsCorrect: i == correct})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func withExplanation(x repository.QuestionInput, e string) repository.QuestionInput {
+	x.Explanation = e
+	return x
+}
+
+func newQuizSvc(t *testing.T) (*QuizService, *repository.Postgres) {
+	t.Helper()
+	_, _, pg := testChatService(t)
+	// Stand-alone quizzes never consult content, so no Mongo is needed.
+	return NewQuizService(repository.NewQuizRepo(pg), nil), pg
+}
+
+func cleanupQuiz(t *testing.T, pg *repository.Postgres, id string) {
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pg.Pool.Exec(context.Background(), `DELETE FROM quizzes WHERE id = $1`, id)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestQuiz_Validation(t *testing.T) {
+	svc, pg := newQuizSvc(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	admin := chatUser(t, pg, "Admin")
+
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		d    QuizDraft
+		want error
+	}{
+		"no title":       {QuizDraft{Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("p", 0, "a", "b")}}, ErrQuizTitle},
+		"no questions":   {QuizDraft{Title: "T"}, ErrQuizNoQuestions},
+		"one option":     {QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("p", 0, "a")}}, ErrQuizOptionCount},
+		"six options":    {QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("p", 0, "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f")}}, ErrQuizOptionCount},
+		"no correct":     {QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("p", -1, "a", "b")}}, ErrQuizOneCorrect},
+		"blank prompt":   {QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("  ", 0, "a", "b")}}, ErrQuizPrompt},
+		"bad target url": {QuizDraft{Title: "T", TargetURL: "/letters/x", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("p", 0, "a", "b")}}, ErrQuizTarget},
+	}
+	for name, c := range cases {
+		if _, err := svc.Create(ctx, admin, c.d); !errors.Is(err, c.want) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: err = %v, want %v", name, err, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	two := q("p", 1, "a", "b")
+	two.Options[0].IsCorrect = true // two correct
+	if _, err := svc.Create(ctx, admin, QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{two}}); !errors.Is(err, ErrQuizOneCorrect) {
+		t.Errorf("two correct: %v", err)
+	}
+	// …which is exactly what a multi question allows, but it needs one.
+	two.Multi = true
+	if quiz, err := svc.Create(ctx, admin, QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{two}}); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("multi with two correct: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		cleanupQuiz(t, pg, quiz.ID)
+	}
+	none := q("p", -1, "a", "b")
+	none.Multi = true
+	if _, err := svc.Create(ctx, admin, QuizDraft{Title: "T", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{none}}); !errors.Is(err, ErrQuizNoCorrect) {
+		t.Errorf("multi with none correct: %v, want ErrQuizNoCorrect", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A multi question is scored correct only on the exact set of correct
+// options: a subset or an extra wrong pick both miss.
+func TestQuiz_MultiChoice(t *testing.T) {
+	svc, pg := newQuizSvc(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	admin := chatUser(t, pg, "Admin")
+
+	multi := func(prompt string) repository.QuestionInput {
+		x := q(prompt, 0, "right A", "right B", "wrong")
+		x.Options[1].IsCorrect = true
+		x.Multi = true
+		return x
+	}
+	quiz, err := svc.Create(ctx, admin, QuizDraft{
+		Title:     "Select all",
+		Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{multi("exact"), multi("subset"), multi("extra"), q("single", 0, "a", "b")},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cleanupQuiz(t, pg, quiz.ID)
+	if _, err := svc.SetPublished(ctx, quiz.ID, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	full, _ := svc.GetAdmin(ctx, quiz.ID)
+	if !full.Questions[0].Multi || full.Questions[3].Multi {
+		t.Fatal("multi flag didn't round-trip")
+	}
+	opt := func(qi, oi int) string { return full.Questions[qi].Options[oi].ID }
+
+	user := chatUser(t, pg, "U")
+	play, err := svc.Start(ctx, user, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !play.Question.Multi {
+		t.Error("the player isn't told the question takes several answers")
+	}
+	// Nothing chosen is refused.
+	if _, err := svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, []string{}); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizChoiceCount) {
+		t.Errorf("empty answer: %v, want ErrQuizChoiceCount", err)
+	}
+	steps := [][]string{
+		{opt(0, 1), opt(0, 0), opt(0, 0)}, // exact set, any order, duplicate ignored
+		{opt(1, 0)},                       // subset
+		{opt(2, 0), opt(2, 1), opt(2, 2)}, // every option, one wrong
+	}
+	for _, ids := range steps {
+		if play, err = svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, ids); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	// A single-answer question still takes exactly one.
+	if _, err := svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, []string{opt(3, 0), opt(3, 1)}); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizChoiceCount) {
+		t.Errorf("two picks on a single question: %v, want ErrQuizChoiceCount", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, []string{opt(3, 0)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	res, err := svc.Result(ctx, user, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got := []bool{}
+	for _, it := range res.Items {
+		got = append(got, it.IsCorrect)
+	}
+	if res.Score != 2 || !got[0] || got[1] || got[2] || !got[3] {
+		t.Errorf("score %d, per question %v; want 2, [true false false true]", res.Score, got)
+	}
+	if n := len(res.Items[0].ChosenOptionIDs); n != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("exact answer stored %d options, want 2 (duplicate dropped)", n)
+	}
+
+	stats, err := svc.Responses(ctx, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Every option of the "extra" question was picked once.
+	for _, o := range stats[2].Options {
+		if o.Picks != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("option %q picks = %d, want 1", o.Body, o.Picks)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQuiz_TakingFlow(t *testing.T) {
+	svc, pg := newQuizSvc(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	admin, user, other := chatUser(t, pg, "Admin"), chatUser(t, pg, "U"), chatUser(t, pg, "O")
+
+	quiz, err := svc.Create(ctx, admin, QuizDraft{
+		Title: "Bg basics",
+		Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{
+			withExplanation(q("Who spoke the *Gītā*?", 0, "Kṛṣṇa", "Arjuna", "Sañjaya"), "Kṛṣṇa, to Arjuna."),
+			q("Where?", 1, "Mathurā", "Kurukṣetra"),
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cleanupQuiz(t, pg, quiz.ID)
+
+	// Drafts aren't reachable.
+	if _, err := svc.Start(ctx, user, quiz.ID); !errors.Is(err, ErrQuizUnpublished) {
+		t.Fatalf("starting a draft: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := svc.SetPublished(ctx, quiz.ID, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	play, err := svc.Start(ctx, user, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if play.Question == nil || play.Total != 2 || play.Answered != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("first step = %+v", play)
+	}
+	// The correct answer never reaches someone mid-attempt — nor the
+	// explanation, which discusses it.
+	if play.Question.Explanation != "" {
+		t.Error("explanation leaked to a user mid-attempt")
+	}
+	for _, o := range play.Question.Options {
+		if o.IsCorrect != nil {
+			t.Fatal("is_correct leaked to a user mid-attempt")
+		}
+	}
+	// Nor can they read a result yet.
+	if _, err := svc.Result(ctx, user, quiz.ID); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotFinished) {
+		t.Errorf("result mid-attempt: %v, want ErrQuizNotFinished", err)
+	}
+
+	card, _ := svc.Card(ctx, user, quiz.ID)
+	if card.My.State != model.QuizInProgress {
+		t.Errorf("state after start = %s, want in_progress", card.My.State)
+	}
+
+	// Answering out of order (a question not yet served) is refused.
+	full, _ := svc.GetAdmin(ctx, quiz.ID)
+	second := full.Questions[1]
+	if _, err := svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, second.ID, []string{second.Options[0].ID}); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotCurrent) {
+		t.Errorf("answering ahead: %v, want ErrQuizNotCurrent", err)
+	}
+	// An option from another question is refused.
+	if _, err := svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, []string{second.Options[0].ID}); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizBadOption) {
+		t.Errorf("foreign option: %v, want ErrQuizBadOption", err)
+	}
+
+	// Q1 right, Q2 wrong.
+	play, err = svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, []string{full.Questions[0].Options[0].ID})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Can't change an answer.
+	if _, err := svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, full.Questions[0].ID, []string{full.Questions[0].Options[1].ID}); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizAlreadyAnswer) {
+		t.Errorf("re-answering: %v, want ErrQuizAlreadyAnswer", err)
+	}
+	play, err = svc.Answer(ctx, user, quiz.ID, play.Question.ID, []string{second.Options[0].ID})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !play.Done {
+		t.Fatalf("after the last answer: %+v", play)
+	}
+
+	res, err := svc.Result(ctx, user, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if res.Score != 1 || res.Total != 2 || res.CompletedAt == nil {
+		t.Errorf("result = score %d/%d completed %v", res.Score, res.Total, res.CompletedAt)
+	}
+	for _, it := range res.Items {
+		if it.ResponseMs == nil {
+			t.Error("a response time wasn't recorded")
+		}
+		if len(it.ChosenOptionIDs) != 1 {
+			t.Error("the chosen option wasn't recorded")
+		}
+	}
+	if !res.Items[0].IsCorrect || res.Items[1].IsCorrect {
+		t.Error("per-question correctness is wrong")
+	}
+
+	// Only your own result: someone who never took it has none.
+	if _, err := svc.Result(ctx, other, quiz.ID); !errors.Is(err, repository.ErrQuizNotStarted) {
+		t.Errorf("another user's result: %v, want ErrQuizNotStarted", err)
+	}
+
+	// Admin sees the participant and the per-question picks.
+	parts, err := svc.Participants(ctx, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil || len(parts) != 1 || parts[0].Score != 1 || parts[0].Answered != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("participants = %+v, %v", parts, err)
+	}
+	stats, err := svc.Responses(ctx, quiz.ID)
+	if err != nil || len(stats) != 2 || stats[0].Correct != 1 || stats[1].Correct != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("responses = %+v, %v", stats, err)
+	}
+
+	// Taken, so questions are frozen — but the title can still change.
+	if _, err := svc.Update(ctx, quiz.ID, QuizDraft{Title: "x", Questions: []repository.QuestionInput{q("p", 0, "a", "b")}}); !errors.Is(err, ErrQuizLocked) {
+		t.Errorf("editing questions after attempts: %v, want ErrQuizLocked", err)
+	}
+	if upd, err := svc.Update(ctx, quiz.ID, QuizDraft{Title: "Bhagavad-gītā basics"}); err != nil || len(upd.Questions) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("retitling a taken quiz: %v (questions %d)", err, len(upd.Questions))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeContentPath(t *testing.T) {
+	for in, want := range map[string]string{
+		"https://prabhupadasays.org/books/bg/2/?x=1#v3": "/books/bg/2",
+		"/transcriptions/720720sb-london":               "/transcriptions/720720sb-london",
+		"books/bg/2":                                    "/books/bg/2",
+		"":                                              "",
+		"/":                                             "",
+	} {
+		if got := NormalizeContentPath(in); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("NormalizeContentPath(%q) = %q, want %q", in, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/service/staff_email.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"html/template"
+	"strings"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/model"
+)
+
+// defaultAdminURL is where the welcome email sends new staff when ADMIN_URL
+// isn't configured (local development leaves it empty).
+const defaultAdminURL = "https://admin.prabhupadasays.org"
+
+// sendStaffWelcome tells someone they've been given admin access, and as
+// what. Fire-and-forget, like the other notification emails: the grant is
+// already committed, so a mail failure is logged, never surfaced.
+func (s *StaffService) sendStaffWelcome(m *model.StaffMember) {
+	if s.mail == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if m.Email == nil || strings.TrimSpace(*m.Email) == "" {
+		s.logger.Info("staff granted; no email on file, skipping welcome",
+			zap.String("user_id", m.UserID))
+		return
+	}
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := staffWelcomeEmailTpl.Execute(&buf, map[string]any{
+		"RecipientName": strings.TrimSpace(m.Name),
+		"RoleName":      m.RoleName,
+		"AdminURL":      s.adminURL,
+	}); err != nil {
+		s.logger.Warn("render staff welcome email failed", zap.Error(err))
+		return
+	}
+	to := strings.TrimSpace(*m.Email)
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.mail.Send(to, "You've been promoted to "+m.RoleName+" — Prabhupāda Says", buf.String()); err != nil {
+			s.logger.Warn("staff welcome email send failed",
+				zap.String("user_id", m.UserID), zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// staffWelcomeEmailTpl — same styling as the other account emails. The role
+// name is admin-entered (custom roles) and auto-escaped by html/template.
+var staffWelcomeEmailTpl = template.Must(template.New("staffWelcome").Parse(`<div style="font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#2a2118;max-width:560px;margin:0 auto;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7">
+  <p style="font-size:18px;color:#9a6b2f;letter-spacing:0.04em;margin-bottom:1em">Hare Kṛṣṇa{{if .RecipientName}}, {{.RecipientName}}{{end}} 🙏</p>
+
+  <p>You have been promoted to <strong>{{.RoleName}}</strong> on Prabhupāda Says.</p>
+
+  <p>Log in with your email and password at
+  <a href="{{.AdminURL}}" style="color:#9a6b2f;font-weight:600">{{.AdminURL}}</a>.</p>
+
+  <p style="margin:1.25em 0">
+    <a href="{{.AdminURL}}" style="display:inline-block;background:#9a6b2f;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;padding:0.6em 1.3em;border-radius:8px;font-weight:600">Open the admin panel</a>
+  </p>
+
+  <p>For any queries, contact your co-ordinator.</p>
+
+  <p style="margin-top:1.5em">Your servants,<br>
+  <strong>The Prabhupāda Says team</strong></p>
+</div>`))

internal/service/staff_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/model"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/pkg/mailer"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrStaffSelf         = errors.New("you can't change your own staff access")
+	ErrLastSuperadmin    = errors.New("there must always be at least one active superadmin")
+	ErrRoleSystem        = errors.New("system roles can't be edited or deleted")
+	ErrRoleBadPermission = errors.New("unknown permission")
+	ErrRoleName          = errors.New("a role needs a name")
+	ErrRoleNoPermissions = errors.New("a role needs at least one permission")
+)
+
+// StaffService manages who can use the admin panel and with what powers.
+// Every method here is reachable only with rbac.ManageStaff — superadmins.
+type StaffService struct {
+	staff *repository.StaffRepo
+	// mail tells newly added staff about their access; nil sends nothing.
+	mail     mailer.Mailer
+	logger   *zap.Logger
+	adminURL string
+}
+
+// NewStaffService wires staff management. adminURL is the panel's address for
+// the welcome email; empty falls back to the production panel.
+func NewStaffService(staff *repository.StaffRepo, mail mailer.Mailer, logger *zap.Logger, adminURL string) *StaffService {
+	if adminURL == "" {
+		adminURL = defaultAdminURL
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = zap.NewNop()
+	}
+	return &StaffService{staff: staff, mail: mail, logger: logger, adminURL: adminURL}
+}
+
+// Me describes the caller, for the panel to decide what to show.
+type Me struct {
+	RoleKey     string   `json:"role_key"`
+	RoleName    string   `json:"role_name"`
+	Permissions []string `json:"permissions"`
+}
+
+func (s *StaffService) List(ctx context.Context) ([]model.StaffMember, error) {
+	return s.staff.ListStaff(ctx)
+}
+
+// isSuperadminRole reports whether a role id is the seeded superadmin.
+func (s *StaffService) isSuperadminRole(ctx context.Context, roleID string) (bool, error) {
+	ro, err := s.staff.Role(ctx, roleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return ro.Key == repository.SuperadminKey, nil
+}
+
+// guardSuperadminLoss refuses a change that would take an ACTIVE superadmin
+// out of that state if they're the last one — demoting, revoking or blocking
+// them would leave no one able to manage staff, with no way back from the UI.
+func (s *StaffService) guardSuperadminLoss(ctx context.Context, target *model.StaffMember) error {
+	if target.RoleKey != repository.SuperadminKey || target.BlockedAt != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	n, err := s.staff.ActiveSuperadmins(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if n <= 1 {
+		return ErrLastSuperadmin
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Grant gives an account a role, by handle.
+func (s *StaffService) Grant(ctx context.Context, actorID, handle, roleID string) (*model.StaffMember, error) {
+	userID, err := s.staff.UserIDByHandle(ctx, strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(handle), "@"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if userID == actorID {
+		return nil, ErrStaffSelf
+	}
+	if _, err := s.staff.Role(ctx, roleID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Granting to someone who is already staff is a role change, and must
+	// pass the same last-superadmin check.
+	if existing, err := s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, userID); err == nil {
+		return s.ChangeRole(ctx, actorID, existing.UserID, roleID)
+	}
+	if err := s.staff.SetRole(ctx, userID, &roleID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	m, err := s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Only a NEW staff member is welcomed; role changes above stay quiet.
+	s.sendStaffWelcome(m)
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+// ChangeRole moves a staff member to another role.
+func (s *StaffService) ChangeRole(ctx context.Context, actorID, targetID, roleID string) (*model.StaffMember, error) {
+	if targetID == actorID {
+		return nil, ErrStaffSelf
+	}
+	target, err := s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, targetID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	toSuper, err := s.isSuperadminRole(ctx, roleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !toSuper {
+		if err := s.guardSuperadminLoss(ctx, target); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := s.staff.SetRole(ctx, targetID, &roleID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, targetID)
+}
+
+// Revoke removes a staff member's access entirely.
+func (s *StaffService) Revoke(ctx context.Context, actorID, targetID string) error {
+	if targetID == actorID {
+		return ErrStaffSelf
+	}
+	target, err := s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, targetID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.guardSuperadminLoss(ctx, target); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return s.staff.SetRole(ctx, targetID, nil)
+}
+
+// SetBlocked suspends or restores a staff member's panel access, keeping their
+// role so restoring them is one action rather than a re-grant.
+func (s *StaffService) SetBlocked(ctx context.Context, actorID, targetID string, blocked bool) (*model.StaffMember, error) {
+	if targetID == actorID {
+		return nil, ErrStaffSelf
+	}
+	target, err := s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, targetID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if blocked {
+		if err := s.guardSuperadminLoss(ctx, target); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := s.staff.SetBlocked(ctx, targetID, blocked); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.staff.StaffMember(ctx, targetID)
+}
+
+// ── Roles ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func (s *StaffService) Roles(ctx context.Context) ([]model.AdminRole, error) {
+	return s.staff.ListRoles(ctx)
+}
+
+// cleanPermissions validates a custom role's permissions against the catalog.
+// The wildcard and admins:manage aren't in the catalog, so they are refused
+// here — a custom role can never become a second superadmin.
+func cleanPermissions(perms []string) ([]string, error) {
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	out := []string{}
+	for _, p := range perms {
+		p = strings.TrimSpace(p)
+		if p == "" || seen[p] {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !rbac.Valid(p) {
+			return nil, ErrRoleBadPermission
+		}
+		seen[p] = true
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrRoleNoPermissions
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+var nonKey = regexp.MustCompile(`[^a-z0-9]+`)
+
+func roleKeyFor(name string) string {
+	k := strings.Trim(nonKey.ReplaceAllString(strings.ToLower(name), "_"), "_")
+	if len(k) > 40 {
+		k = k[:40]
+	}
+	return k
+}
+
+func (s *StaffService) CreateRole(ctx context.Context, name, description string, perms []string) (*model.AdminRole, error) {
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	key := roleKeyFor(name)
+	if name == "" || key == "" {
+		return nil, ErrRoleName
+	}
+	clean, err := cleanPermissions(perms)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.staff.CreateRole(ctx, key, name, strings.TrimSpace(description), clean)
+}
+
+func (s *StaffService) UpdateRole(ctx context.Context, id, name, description string, perms []string) (*model.AdminRole, error) {
+	ro, err := s.staff.Role(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if ro.IsSystem {
+		return nil, ErrRoleSystem
+	}
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return nil, ErrRoleName
+	}
+	clean, err := cleanPermissions(perms)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := s.staff.UpdateRole(ctx, id, name, strings.TrimSpace(description), clean); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.staff.Role(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *StaffService) DeleteRole(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	ro, err := s.staff.Role(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if ro.IsSystem {
+		return ErrRoleSystem
+	}
+	return s.staff.DeleteRole(ctx, id)
+}

internal/service/staff_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/rbac"
+	"github.com/prabhupadasays/spsays-bff/internal/repository"
+)
+
+func roleID(t *testing.T, pg *repository.Postgres, key string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var id string
+	if err := pg.Pool.QueryRow(context.Background(),
+		`SELECT id FROM admin_roles WHERE key = $1`, key).Scan(&id); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("role %s: %v", key, err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+func makeStaff(t *testing.T, pg *repository.Postgres, roleKey string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	id := chatUser(t, pg, roleKey)
+	if _, err := pg.Pool.Exec(context.Background(),
+		`UPDATE users SET admin_role_id = $2 WHERE id = $1`, id, roleID(t, pg, roleKey)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+// The floor: removing the last active superadmin would leave nobody able to
+// manage staff, with no way back from the UI.
+func TestStaff_LastSuperadminIsProtected(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, pg := testChatService(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	staff := repository.NewStaffRepo(pg)
+	svc := NewStaffService(staff, nil, nil, "")
+
+	// Isolate from any staff already in the dev database: the floor counts
+	// superadmins globally. Parked in a REAL table — a TEMP table is
+	// per-connection, and the pool may run the cleanup on a different one,
+	// which would leave real staff stripped of their roles.
+	parked := "rbac_parked_" + strings.ReplaceAll(uuid.NewString()[:8], "-", "")
+	if _, err := pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `CREATE TABLE `+parked+` AS
+		SELECT id, admin_role_id FROM users WHERE admin_role_id IS NOT NULL`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE users SET admin_role_id = NULL
+		WHERE id IN (SELECT id FROM `+parked+`)`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if _, err := pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE users u SET admin_role_id = p.admin_role_id
+			FROM `+parked+` p WHERE u.id = p.id`); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("restoring parked staff: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		_, _ = pg.Pool.Exec(ctx, `DROP TABLE `+parked)
+	})
+
+	a := makeStaff(t, pg, "superadmin")
+	b := makeStaff(t, pg, "superadmin")
+	mod := makeStaff(t, pg, "moderator")
+
+	// Nobody acts on themselves.
+	if err := svc.Revoke(ctx, a, a); !errors.Is(err, ErrStaffSelf) {
+		t.Errorf("self-revoke: %v, want ErrStaffSelf", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := svc.SetBlocked(ctx, a, a, true); !errors.Is(err, ErrStaffSelf) {
+		t.Errorf("self-block: %v, want ErrStaffSelf", err)
+	}
+
+	// A superadmin can block another admin/mod — and another superadmin while
+	// one remains.
+	if _, err := svc.SetBlocked(ctx, a, mod, true); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("block moderator: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := svc.SetBlocked(ctx, a, b, true); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("block second superadmin: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Now a is the only active one: a blocked b can't be used to demote a.
+	if _, err := svc.ChangeRole(ctx, b, a, roleID(t, pg, "moderator")); !errors.Is(err, ErrLastSuperadmin) {
+		t.Errorf("demoting the last active superadmin: %v, want ErrLastSuperadmin", err)
+	}
+	if err := svc.Revoke(ctx, b, a); !errors.Is(err, ErrLastSuperadmin) {
+		t.Errorf("revoking the last active superadmin: %v, want ErrLastSuperadmin", err)
+	}
+
+	// A blocked staff member is turned away at the door.
+	acc, err := staff.Access(ctx, mod)
+	if err != nil || !acc.Blocked {
+		t.Errorf("blocked moderator access = %+v, %v", acc, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A custom role is built only from the catalog — never the wildcard or
+// admins:manage, which would make it a second superadmin.
+func TestStaff_CustomRolesCannotEscalate(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, pg := testChatService(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	svc := NewStaffService(repository.NewStaffRepo(pg), nil, nil, "")
+
+	for _, perms := range [][]string{{rbac.Wildcard}, {rbac.ManageStaff}, {"users:read", "made:up"}} {
+		if _, err := svc.CreateRole(ctx, "Escalator", "", perms); !errors.Is(err, ErrRoleBadPermission) {
+			t.Errorf("CreateRole(%v) = %v, want ErrRoleBadPermission", perms, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	ro, err := svc.CreateRole(ctx, "Quiz Editors", "", []string{"quizzes:read", "quizzes:write"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = svc.DeleteRole(ctx, ro.ID) })
+
+	set := rbac.NewSet(ro.Permissions)
+	if !set.Has("quizzes:write") || set.Has("users:ban") || set.Has(rbac.ManageStaff) {
+		t.Errorf("custom role permissions resolved wrong: %v", set.List())
+	}
+
+	// System roles are read-only.
+	if _, err := svc.UpdateRole(ctx, roleID(t, pg, "moderator"), "Mod", "", []string{"users:ban"}); !errors.Is(err, ErrRoleSystem) {
+		t.Errorf("editing a system role: %v, want ErrRoleSystem", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// captureMailer records sends; the welcome email goes out on a goroutine.
+type captureMailer struct{ sent chan [3]string }
+
+func (m *captureMailer) Send(to, subject, body string) error {
+	m.sent <- [3]string{to, subject, body}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Adding someone as staff emails them their role and where to log in; moving
+// an existing staff member to another role does not.
+func TestStaff_WelcomeEmailOnGrant(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, pg := testChatService(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mail := &captureMailer{sent: make(chan [3]string, 4)}
+	svc := NewStaffService(repository.NewStaffRepo(pg), mail, nil, "")
+
+	actor := chatUser(t, pg, "Actor")
+	target, handle := chatUserWithHandle(t, pg, "Target")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pg.Pool.Exec(context.Background(), `UPDATE users SET admin_role_id = NULL WHERE id = $1`, target)
+	})
+
+	if _, err := svc.Grant(ctx, actor, "@"+handle, roleID(t, pg, "moderator")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	select {
+	case got := <-mail.sent:
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(got[0], "chatsvc-") {
+			t.Errorf("sent to %q, want the target's address", got[0])
+		}
+		for _, want := range []string{"promoted to <strong>Moderator</strong>", "https://admin.prabhupadasays.org", "contact your co-ordinator"} {
+			if !strings.Contains(got[2], want) {
+				t.Errorf("email body missing %q", want)
+			}
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(got[1], "Moderator") {
+			t.Errorf("subject %q doesn't name the role", got[1])
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("no welcome email was sent")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := svc.ChangeRole(ctx, actor, target, roleID(t, pg, "admin")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	select {
+	case got := <-mail.sent:
+		t.Errorf("a role change sent an email: %q", got[1])
+	case <-time.After(300 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}

migrations/0056_admin_rbac.down.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- Restore the old flag for anyone who still has a role, so a rollback keeps
+-- them in the panel.
+UPDATE users SET role = 'admin' WHERE admin_role_id IS NOT NULL AND admin_blocked_at IS NULL;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS users_admin_role_idx;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS admin_blocked_at;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS admin_role_id;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS admin_roles;

migrations/0056_admin_rbac.up.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+-- Role-based access for the admin panel.
+--
+-- Until now admin access was one flag: users.role = 'admin'. This replaces it
+-- with named roles carrying explicit permissions, so a moderator can resolve
+-- reports without also being able to ban users or gift stickers to everyone.
+--
+-- Three system roles are seeded and cannot be edited or deleted; superadmins
+-- can define further custom roles from any subset of the permission catalog
+-- (which lives in code — see internal/rbac). The one thing a custom role can
+-- never hold is admins:manage: granting, changing, revoking and blocking staff
+-- stays with superadmins.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS admin_roles (
+    id          UUID         PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    key         VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    name        VARCHAR(80)  NOT NULL,
+    description TEXT         NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    -- System roles are seeded below and are read-only.
+    is_system   BOOLEAN      NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    -- "resource:action" strings, or '*' for everything (superadmin only).
+    permissions TEXT[]       NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+
+INSERT INTO admin_roles (key, name, description, is_system, permissions) VALUES
+  ('superadmin', 'Superadmin',
+   'Everything, including managing other staff.', TRUE, ARRAY['*']),
+  ('admin', 'Admin',
+   'Runs the platform day to day. Cannot manage staff.', TRUE, ARRAY[
+     'stats:read','users:read','users:notify','users:ban','users:limits',
+     'disciples:manage','posts:moderate','comments:moderate','collections:read',
+     'feedback:read','feedback:reply','feedback:resolve',
+     'reports:read','reports:resolve','vani:read','vani:write',
+     'rewards:read','rewards:write','rewards:send','rewards:delete',
+     'broadcasts:read','broadcasts:write','broadcasts:publish',
+     'short_urls:read','quizzes:read','quizzes:write','quizzes:delete','quizzes:results']),
+  ('moderator', 'Moderator',
+   'Keeps the community healthy: reports, moderation and feedback.', TRUE, ARRAY[
+     'stats:read','users:read','posts:moderate','comments:moderate',
+     'collections:read','feedback:read','feedback:reply','feedback:resolve',
+     'reports:read','reports:resolve'])
+ON CONFLICT (key) DO NOTHING;
+
+-- Staff membership. NULL = not staff.
+ALTER TABLE users
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS admin_role_id UUID REFERENCES admin_roles(id) ON DELETE RESTRICT;
+
+-- A superadmin can suspend another staff member's panel access without taking
+-- their role away, so restoring them is one click rather than a re-grant.
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS admin_blocked_at TIMESTAMPTZ;
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS users_admin_role_idx
+    ON users (admin_role_id) WHERE admin_role_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Everyone who was an admin under the old single flag becomes a superadmin:
+-- they had unrestricted access before, so anything less would lock existing
+-- staff out of the panel the moment this deploys.
+UPDATE users
+SET admin_role_id = (SELECT id FROM admin_roles WHERE key = 'superadmin')
+WHERE role = 'admin' AND admin_role_id IS NULL;

migrations/0057_quizzes.down.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quiz_answers;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quiz_attempts;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quiz_options;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quiz_questions;
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS quizzes;

migrations/0057_quizzes.up.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+-- Quizzes on the library's content.
+--
+-- A quiz is attached to a piece of content by its app path — a book chapter
+-- (/books/bg/2), or a lecture or conversation (/transcriptions/{slug}) — or to
+-- nothing at all, for a stand-alone quiz. The path is what the content page
+-- already knows about itself, so it can ask "is there a quiz for me?" without
+-- the content's Mongo id ever reaching Postgres.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quizzes (
+    id           UUID         PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    title        VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
+    -- Light formatting markers, rendered like the rest of the admin text.
+    description  TEXT         NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    -- chapter | lecture | conversation | standalone
+    target_kind  VARCHAR(16)  NOT NULL DEFAULT 'standalone',
+    -- App path of the content, NULL for a stand-alone quiz.
+    target_path  TEXT,
+    -- Display name of the content, captured when the quiz is made.
+    target_title TEXT         NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    published_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    created_by   UUID         REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    created_at   TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    updated_at   TIMESTAMPTZ  NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    -- Soft delete: participants' results stay intact for the record.
+    deleted_at   TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    CONSTRAINT quizzes_target_kind_check
+        CHECK (target_kind IN ('chapter', 'lecture', 'conversation', 'standalone')),
+    CONSTRAINT quizzes_target_consistent
+        CHECK ((target_kind = 'standalone') = (target_path IS NULL))
+);
+
+-- "Is there a quiz for this page?" — asked by every content page load.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS quizzes_target_idx
+    ON quizzes (target_path, published_at DESC)
+    WHERE deleted_at IS NULL AND published_at IS NOT NULL;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quiz_questions (
+    id         UUID        PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    quiz_id    UUID        NOT NULL REFERENCES quizzes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    ord        SMALLINT    NOT NULL,
+    prompt     TEXT        NOT NULL,
+    -- Optional note shown with the answer on the results screen.
+    explanation TEXT       NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    UNIQUE (quiz_id, ord)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quiz_options (
+    id          UUID     PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    question_id UUID     NOT NULL REFERENCES quiz_questions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    ord         SMALLINT NOT NULL,
+    body        TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    is_correct  BOOLEAN  NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+    UNIQUE (question_id, ord),
+    -- Five options at most; the service also enforces two at least and
+    -- exactly one correct.
+    CONSTRAINT quiz_options_ord_check CHECK (ord BETWEEN 0 AND 4)
+);
+
+-- One attempt per person per quiz: it is what "Continue" resumes and what
+-- "View results" shows.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quiz_attempts (
+    id           UUID        PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    quiz_id      UUID        NOT NULL REFERENCES quizzes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    user_id      UUID        NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    started_at   TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    completed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    score        INTEGER     NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    total        INTEGER     NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    UNIQUE (quiz_id, user_id)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS quiz_attempts_user_idx ON quiz_attempts (user_id);
+
+-- One row per question an attempt has reached.
+--
+-- Timing is measured by the SERVER: shown_at is stamped when the question is
+-- handed to the client, answered_at when the answer arrives. A client-reported
+-- duration could be anything; these two timestamps can't be edited from the
+-- browser.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quiz_answers (
+    attempt_id  UUID        NOT NULL REFERENCES quiz_attempts(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    question_id UUID        NOT NULL REFERENCES quiz_questions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    option_id   UUID        REFERENCES quiz_options(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    shown_at    TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    answered_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    response_ms INTEGER,
+    is_correct  BOOLEAN,
+    PRIMARY KEY (attempt_id, question_id)
+);

migrations/0058_quiz_multi_choice.down.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ALTER TABLE quiz_answers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS option_id UUID REFERENCES quiz_options(id) ON DELETE SET NULL;
+-- Lossy for multi answers: keeps the first chosen option only.
+UPDATE quiz_answers SET option_id = option_ids[1] WHERE option_ids IS NOT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE quiz_answers DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS option_ids;
+ALTER TABLE quiz_questions DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS multi;

migrations/0058_quiz_multi_choice.up.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-- Multiple-choice questions with more than one correct answer.
+--
+-- A question marked multi asks the reader to "select all that apply"; it is
+-- scored correct only when the chosen set equals the correct set exactly. A
+-- single-answer question keeps exactly one correct option.
+ALTER TABLE quiz_questions ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS multi BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE;
+
+-- An answer is now a set of options. Arrays can't carry a foreign key; that
+-- is safe here because a quiz's options are frozen once anyone has answered,
+-- and options only ever go away with their whole question.
+ALTER TABLE quiz_answers ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS option_ids UUID[];
+UPDATE quiz_answers SET option_ids = ARRAY[option_id]
+WHERE option_id IS NOT NULL AND option_ids IS NULL;
+ALTER TABLE quiz_answers DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS option_id;