fix: og image generation

app/books/bbd/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type BbdChapter,
   type BbdSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/bbd";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("bbd", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["bbd"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/bg/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -18,7 +18,14 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getSingleVerse(
+    "bg",
+    null,
+    parseInt(chapter),
+    parseInt(verse),
+  );
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Bhagavad-gītā As It Is",

app/books/bk/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   type BkChapter,
   type BkSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/bk";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -25,8 +26,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("bk", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["bk"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/bs/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getVerseWithFallback(parseInt(chapter), parseInt(verse));
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Śrī Brahma-saṁhitā",

app/books/cbhc/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   type CbhcChapter,
   type CbhcSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/cbhc";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -25,8 +26,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("cbhc", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["cbhc"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/cc/[lila]/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -32,7 +32,14 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { lila, chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getSingleVerse(
+    "cc",
+    lila,
+    parseInt(chapter),
+    parseInt(verse),
+  );
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     const bookTitle = "Śrī Caitanya-caritāmṛta";
     return buildOgMeta({

app/books/ds/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type DsChapter,
   type DsSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/ds";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("ds", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["ds"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/ej/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type EjChapter,
   type EjSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/ej";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("ej", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["ej"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/ek/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type EkChapter,
   type EkSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/ek";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("ek", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["ek"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/gg/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   type GgChapter,
   type GgSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/gg";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -25,8 +26,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("gg", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["gg"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/hkh/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type HkhChapter,
   type HkhSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/hkh";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("hkh", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["hkh"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/iso/[mantra]/page.tsx

@@ -46,7 +46,15 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const { mantra: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
 
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const content = await getIsoContent(slug);
+  const isVerse_ = content && "mantra" in content && "devanagari" in content;
+  const paragraphs = content
+    ? isVerse_
+      ? [(content as IsoVerse).translation, ...(content as IsoVerse).purport]
+      : (content as IsoIntroSegment).paragraphs
+    : undefined;
+
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Śrī Īśopaniṣad",
@@ -55,8 +63,6 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
     });
   }
 
-  const content = await getIsoContent(slug);
-  const isVerse_ = content && "mantra" in content && "devanagari" in content;
   const title = isVerse_
     ? `${(content as IsoVerse).reference}: ${(content as IsoVerse).title}`
     : content && "title" in content

app/books/kb/[volume]/[slug]/page.tsx

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const sp = await searchParams;
   const vol = parseInt(volume);
   const chapter = !isNaN(vol) ? await getProseChapter("kb", vol, slug) : null;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: BOOK_NAMES["kb"],

app/books/lcl/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type LclChapter,
   type LclSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/lcl";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -29,8 +30,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("lcl", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["lcl"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/lob/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type LobChapter,
   type LobSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/lob";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -25,8 +26,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("lob", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["lob"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/mg/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   type MgChapter,
   type MgSidebarItem,
 } from "@/lib/mg";
+import { getProseChapter } from "@/lib/api";
 import { ogForChapter, extractQuoteFromHl, buildOgMeta } from "@/lib/og";
 import { BOOK_NAMES } from "@/lib/constants";
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header";
@@ -25,8 +26,10 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
   searchParams: Promise<Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>>;
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
+  const { chapter: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const chapter = await getProseChapter("mg", 0, slug);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, chapter?.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({ title: BOOK_NAMES["mg"], quote: hlQuote });
   }

app/books/mm/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getVerseWithFallback(parseInt(chapter), parseInt(verse));
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Mukunda-mālā-stotra",

app/books/nbs/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -123,7 +123,14 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getSingleVerse(
+    "nbs",
+    null,
+    parseInt(chapter),
+    parseInt(verse),
+  );
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Nārada-bhakti-sūtra",

app/books/noi/[text]/page.tsx

@@ -46,7 +46,19 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const { text: slug } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
 
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const content = await getNoiContent(slug);
+  let paragraphs: string[] | undefined;
+  if (content) {
+    if ("devanagari" in content) {
+      // It's a verse
+      paragraphs = [content.translation, ...content.purport];
+    } else if ("paragraphs" in content) {
+      // It's an intro segment
+      paragraphs = content.paragraphs;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "The Nectar of Instruction",

app/books/sb/[canto]/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -31,7 +31,14 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { canto, chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getSingleVerse(
+    "sb",
+    canto,
+    parseInt(chapter),
+    parseInt(verse),
+  );
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam",

app/books/sb1962/[chapter]/[verse]/page.tsx

@@ -26,7 +26,14 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
 }): Promise<Metadata> {
   const { chapter, verse } = await params;
   const sp = await searchParams;
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const v = await getSingleVerse(
+    "sb1962",
+    null,
+    parseInt(chapter),
+    parseInt(verse),
+  );
+  const paragraphs = v ? [v.translation, ...v.purport] : undefined;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: "Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (1962)",

app/essays/[slug]/page.tsx

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const essay = await getEssay(slug);
   if (!essay) return {};
 
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, essay.paragraphs);
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: essay.title,

app/journals/[slug]/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const journalTitle = meta?.title || slug;
   const entryTitle = content?.title || chapterSlug;
 
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, content?.paragraphs);
   if (quote) {
     return buildOgMeta({
       title: journalTitle,

app/letters/[slug]/page.tsx

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   if (!letter) return {};
 
   const meta = [letter.date, letter.location].filter(Boolean).join(" · ");
-  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
+  const hlQuote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, letter.paragraphs);
 
   if (hlQuote) {
     return buildOgMeta({

app/magazines/[slug]/[issue]/page.tsx

@@ -29,19 +29,19 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const sp = await searchParams;
   const bookCode = slugToBookCode(slug);
 
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
-  if (quote) {
-    const meta = await getMagazineMeta(bookCode);
-    const title = meta?.title ?? slug;
-    return buildOgMeta({ title, quote });
-  }
-
   const [meta, content] = await Promise.all([
     getMagazineMeta(bookCode),
     getMagazineContent(bookCode, issueSlug),
   ]);
 
   const magTitle = meta?.title ?? slug;
+  const paragraphs = content?.paragraphs;
+
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
+  if (quote) {
+    return buildOgMeta({ title: magTitle, quote });
+  }
+
   const issueTitle = content?.title ?? undefined;
 
   return ogForMagazine(magTitle, issueTitle);

app/other-documents/[slug]/[chapter]/page.tsx

@@ -33,20 +33,19 @@ export async function generateMetadata({
   const sp = await searchParams;
   const bookCode = slugToBookCode(slug);
 
-  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp);
-  if (quote) {
-    const meta = await getOtherDocumentMeta(bookCode);
-    const content = await getOtherDocumentContent(bookCode, chapterSlug);
-    const title = meta?.title ?? slug;
-    const detail = content?.title ?? `Chapter ${chapterSlug}`;
-    return buildOgMeta({ title, detail, quote });
-  }
-
   const [meta, content] = await Promise.all([
     getOtherDocumentMeta(bookCode),
     getOtherDocumentContent(bookCode, chapterSlug),
   ]);
 
+  const paragraphs = content?.paragraphs;
+  const quote = extractQuoteFromHl(sp, paragraphs);
+  if (quote) {
+    const title = meta?.title ?? slug;
+    const detail = content?.title ?? `Chapter ${chapterSlug}`;
+    return buildOgMeta({ title, detail, quote });
+  }
+
   return ogForOtherDocument(meta?.title ?? slug, content?.title ?? undefined);
 }
 

lib/og.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 import { BOOK_NAMES, CC_LILAS } from "@/lib/constants";
-import { decodeTextFragment } from "@/lib/text-highlight";
+import { decodeTextFragment, extractMatchedText } from "@/lib/text-highlight";
 
 const SITE_URL =
   process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SITE_URL || "https://prabhupadasays.org";
@@ -305,13 +305,18 @@ export function ogForLettersByLocation(location: string, count: number) {
 /**
  * Extract a display quote from the `?hl=` search param.
  *
- * The `hl` param encodes `prefix,suffix,length`. We reconstruct a readable
- * snippet from the prefix + suffix: "first few words ... last few words"
+ * When `paragraphs` are provided (from the database), the full matched text
+ * is extracted by searching the content — giving the OG image the actual
+ * selected quote, not just the prefix/suffix.
+ *
+ * When `paragraphs` are not provided, falls back to reconstructing a
+ * readable snippet from prefix + suffix: "first few words ... last few words"
  *
  * Returns null if hl is missing or invalid.
  */
 export function extractQuoteFromHl(
   searchParams: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined> | URLSearchParams,
+  paragraphs?: string[],
 ): string | null {
   const raw =
     searchParams instanceof URLSearchParams
@@ -325,6 +330,23 @@ export function extractQuoteFromHl(
   const fragment = decodeTextFragment(raw);
   if (!fragment) return null;
 
+  // If paragraphs are available, extract the full matched text
+  if (paragraphs && paragraphs.length > 0) {
+    const fullMatch = extractMatchedText(fragment, paragraphs);
+    if (fullMatch) {
+      // Truncate at word boundary if too long for OG image
+      if (fullMatch.length > 280) {
+        const truncated = fullMatch.slice(0, 277);
+        const lastSpace = truncated.lastIndexOf(" ");
+        return (
+          (lastSpace > 200 ? truncated.slice(0, lastSpace) : truncated) + "..."
+        );
+      }
+      return fullMatch;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fallback: reconstruct from prefix + suffix
   const { prefix, suffix } = fragment;
   if (!prefix) return null;
 

lib/text-highlight.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Text Fragment Highlight — compact URL encoding for selected text
+//
+// These utilities work in both browser and server environments.
+// The DOM-based findAndHighlightText() is browser-only.
+// The string-based extractMatchedText() is server-safe (for OG image generation).
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
@@ -52,6 +56,67 @@ export function decodeTextFragment(
   return { prefix, suffix, length };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Server-side: extract the full matched text from an array of paragraph strings
+ * using a decoded text fragment (prefix, suffix, length).
+ *
+ * This is the server equivalent of findAndHighlightText() — instead of
+ * walking the DOM, it searches a flat array of HTML paragraph strings.
+ * HTML tags are stripped before matching.
+ *
+ * Returns the matched text string, or null if not found.
+ */
+export function extractMatchedText(
+  fragment: { prefix: string; suffix: string; length: number },
+  paragraphs: string[],
+): string | null {
+  // Strip HTML tags to get plain text
+  const plainParagraphs = paragraphs.map((p) =>
+    p.replace(/<[^>]*>/g, "").replace(/&[^;]+;/g, " "),
+  );
+
+  // Build a single string with paragraph breaks
+  const fullText = plainParagraphs.join(" ");
+  const normalized = fullText.replace(/\s+/g, " ");
+
+  const normalizedPrefix = fragment.prefix.replace(/\s+/g, " ");
+  let searchFrom = 0;
+  let matchStart = -1;
+
+  while (searchFrom < normalized.length) {
+    const idx = normalized.indexOf(normalizedPrefix, searchFrom);
+    if (idx === -1) break;
+
+    if (fragment.suffix) {
+      const normalizedSuffix = fragment.suffix.replace(/\s+/g, " ");
+      const expectedEnd = idx + fragment.length;
+      const suffixSearchStart = Math.max(
+        idx,
+        expectedEnd - normalizedSuffix.length - 20,
+      );
+      const suffixSearchEnd = Math.min(normalized.length, expectedEnd + 20);
+      const searchWindow = normalized.slice(suffixSearchStart, suffixSearchEnd);
+      if (searchWindow.includes(normalizedSuffix)) {
+        matchStart = idx;
+        break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      matchStart = idx;
+      break;
+    }
+    searchFrom = idx + 1;
+  }
+
+  if (matchStart === -1) return null;
+
+  const matchEnd = Math.min(matchStart + fragment.length, normalized.length);
+  const matched = normalized.slice(matchStart, matchEnd).trim();
+
+  if (matched.length === 0) return null;
+
+  return matched;
+}
+
 /**
  * Build the full URL with highlight fragment for the selected text.
  */